Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC) is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States by 2030. Patients are often diagnosed with advanced disease, which explains the dismal 5-year median overall survival rate of ~12%. Immunotherapy has been successful in improving outcomes in the past decade for a variety of malignancies, including gastrointestinal cancers. However, PDAC is historically an immunologically “cold” tumor, one with an immunosuppressive environment and with restricted entry of immune cells that have limited the success of immunotherapy in these tumors. The microbiome, the intricate community of microorganisms present on and within humans, has been shown to contribute to many cancers, including PDAC. Recently, its role in tumor immunology and response to immunotherapy has generated much interest. Herein, the current state of the interaction of the microbiome and immunotherapy in PDAC is discussed with a focus on needed areas of study in order to harness the immune system to combat pancreatic cancer.
胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）预计到2030年将成为美国癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。患者通常在疾病晚期才被确诊，这解释了其约12%的五年中位总生存率为何如此之低。过去十年中，免疫疗法在包括胃肠道癌症在内的多种恶性肿瘤治疗中取得了显著成效。然而，PDAC历来被视为免疫学上的“冷”肿瘤，其免疫抑制性微环境及免疫细胞浸润受限，导致免疫疗法在该类肿瘤中的疗效有限。微生物组——即人体内外共生的复杂微生物群落——已被证实与包括PDAC在内的多种癌症发生发展相关。近年来，微生物组在肿瘤免疫学及免疫治疗应答中的作用引起了广泛关注。本文聚焦于微生物组与免疫疗法在PDAC中的相互作用现状，并探讨了未来需重点研究的领域，以期通过调控免疫系统来对抗胰腺癌。
The Prospect of Harnessing the Microbiome to Improve Immunotherapeutic Response in Pancreatic Cancer
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家