(1) Background: China has the highest esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) incidence areas in the world, with some areas of incidence over 100 per 100,000. Despite extensive public health efforts, its etiology is still poorly understood. This study aims to review and summarize past research into potential etiologic factors for ESCC in China. (2) Methods: Relevant observational and intervention studies were systematically extracted from four databases using key terms, reviewed using Rayyan software, and summarized into Excel tables. (3) Results: Among the 207 studies included in this review, 129 studies were focused on genetic etiologic factors, followed by 22 studies focused on dietary-related factors, 19 studies focused on HPV-related factors, and 37 studies focused on other factors. (4) Conclusions: ESCC in China involves a variety of factors including genetic variations, gene–environment interactions, dietary factors like alcohol, tobacco use, pickled vegetables, and salted meat, dietary behavior such as hot food/drink consumption, infections like HPV, poor oral health, gastric atrophy, and socioeconomic factors. Public health measures should prioritize genetic screening for relevant polymorphisms, conduct comprehensive investigations into environmental, dietary, and HPV influences, enhance oral health education, and consider socioeconomic factors overall as integral strategies to reduce ESCC in high-risk areas of China.
（1）背景：中国拥有全球食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）发病率最高的地区，部分区域发病率超过10万分之100。尽管公共卫生工作广泛开展，但其病因仍不明确。本研究旨在回顾并总结中国ESCC潜在病因因素的相关研究。（2）方法：通过关键词从四个数据库中系统提取相关观察性和干预性研究，使用Rayyan软件进行文献筛选，并将结果汇总至Excel表格。（3）结果：纳入的207项研究中，129项聚焦于遗传病因因素，22项关注饮食相关因素，19项涉及HPV相关因素，37项探讨其他因素。（4）结论：中国ESCC的发病涉及多种因素，包括遗传变异、基因-环境交互作用、饮酒、吸烟、腌制蔬菜和咸肉等饮食因素，以及热食/热饮摄入等饮食习惯，HPV感染、口腔健康状况不佳、胃萎缩等感染与病理因素，以及社会经济因素。公共卫生措施应优先开展相关基因多态性筛查，全面调查环境、饮食及HPV的影响，加强口腔健康教育，并将社会经济因素整体纳入考量，作为降低中国高风险地区ESCC发病率的综合策略。
Overview of Risk Factors for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in China
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家