Bladder cancer is around the 10th most diagnosed cancer, although has a considerable mortality. Recent research and new methodologies have discarded the historical dogma that the bladder (and urine) was sterile under normal conditions. Specifically, only a few studies have reported a detailed analysis of the urinary microbiota in patients with bladder cancer, thus exhibiting a remarkable variability due to the low biomass of the urinary microbiota and the influence of many factors. Nevertheless, this research shows us signals that urinary microbiota is a factor to be considered in the pathophysiology of bladder cancer. More importantly, probiotics could be useful as an adjuvant therapy to reduce the recurrence rate or increase the disease-free period after surgery. In vitro studies and animal assays have shown promising results, but the research in this context has also been scarce, and only a few studies have been conducted in humans. In summary, there is little evidence of the possible beneficial effect of probiotics in controlling the overgrowth of genera that could be involved in the carcinogenesis of bladder cancer. This narrative review aims to compile all the evidence to date on the therapeutic potential of probiotics injected directly into the bladder or orally administered.
膀胱癌虽位列第十大致癌疾病，却具有显著的致死率。近期研究及新方法已推翻历史上关于膀胱（及尿液）在正常条件下无菌的固有认知。具体而言，目前仅有少数研究对膀胱癌患者的尿液微生物群进行了详细分析，由于尿液微生物群生物量较低且受多种因素影响，这些研究结果呈现出显著差异性。尽管如此，现有研究仍揭示尿液微生物群是膀胱癌病理生理学中值得关注的影响因素。更重要的是，益生菌或可作为辅助疗法，用于降低术后复发率或延长无病生存期。体外研究与动物实验已显示出积极成果，但该领域研究仍较为匮乏，目前仅开展过少数人体临床试验。总体而言，关于益生菌能否有效控制可能参与膀胱癌发生的菌属过度增殖，现有证据尚不充分。本叙述性综述旨在系统梳理迄今所有关于膀胱直接灌注或口服益生菌治疗潜力的证据。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家