文章：

肺类癌：临床医生全面综述

Lung Carcinoids: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians

原文发布日期：16 November 2023

DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225440

类型: Article

开放获取: 是

英文摘要：

Lung carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors, categorized as typical or atypical carcinoids based on their histological appearance. While most of these tumors are slow-growing neoplasms, they still possess malignant potential. Many patients are diagnosed incidentally on chest X-rays or CT scans. Presenting symptoms include cough, hemoptysis, wheezing, dyspnea, and recurrent pneumonia. Endocrine symptoms, such as carcinoid syndrome or ectopic Cushing’s syndrome, are rare. Surgery is the primary treatment and should be considered in all patients with localized disease, even when thoracic lymph node metastases are present. Patients with distant metastases may be treated with somatostatin analogues, chemotherapy, preferably temozolomide-based, mTOR inhibitors, or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with177Lu-DOTATATE. Most patients have an excellent prognosis. Poor prognostic factors include atypical histology and lymph node metastases at diagnosis. Long-term follow-up is mandatory since metastases may occur late.

摘要翻译： 

肺类癌属于神经内分泌肿瘤，根据组织学表现可分为典型类癌与非典型类癌。尽管这类肿瘤大多生长缓慢，但仍具有恶性潜能。许多患者是在胸部X线或CT检查中偶然发现病灶。常见临床表现包括咳嗽、咯血、喘息、呼吸困难及复发性肺炎。内分泌症状如类癌综合征或异位库欣综合征较为罕见。手术是主要治疗手段，所有局部病变患者即使存在胸腔淋巴结转移也应考虑手术治疗。对于远处转移患者，可采用生长抑素类似物、化疗（优选以替莫唑胺为基础的方案）、mTOR抑制剂或肽受体放射性核素治疗（PRRT，如¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE）。多数患者预后良好，不良预后因素包括非典型组织学类型及确诊时存在淋巴结转移。由于转移可能延迟发生，必须进行长期随访。

原文链接：

Lung Carcinoids: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians