Breast cancer stands as the prevailing malignancy across all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. In this literature review, we highlighted the incidence and trend of breast cancer in the GCC. Most of the studies reported a consistent increase in breast cancer incidence over the past decades, which was particularly attributed to the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle in the region and the implications of emerging risk factors and other environmental and societal factors, the increase in screening uptake, as well as the improvement in data collection and reporting in the GCC. The data on breast cancer risk factors in the GCC were limited. In this geographic region, breast cancer frequently manifests with distinctive characteristics, including an early onset, typically occurring before the age of 50; an advanced stage at presentation; and a higher pathological grade. Additionally, it often exhibits more aggressive features such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity or the presence of triple-negative (TN) attributes, particularly among younger patients. Despite the growing body of literature on breast cancer in the GCC, data pertaining to survival rates are, regrettably, meager. Reports on breast cancer survival rates emanating from the GCC region are largely confined to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In the UAE, predictive modeling reveals 2-year and 5-year survival rates of 97% and 89%, respectively, for the same period under scrutiny. These rates, when compared to Western counterparts such as Australia (89.5%) and Canada (88.2%), fall within the expected range. Conversely, Saudi Arabia reports a notably lower 5-year survival rate, standing at 72%. This disparity in survival rates underscores the need for further research directed toward elucidating risk factors and barriers that hinder early detection and screening. Additionally, there is a pressing need for expanded data reporting on survival outcomes within the GCC. In sum, a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of breast cancer dynamics in this region is imperative to inform effective strategies for prevention, early detection, and improved patient outcomes.
乳腺癌是海湾合作委员会（GCC）六国中最常见的恶性肿瘤。本文献综述重点探讨了海湾地区乳腺癌的发病率及其变化趋势。多数研究指出，过去几十年间该地区乳腺癌发病率持续上升，主要归因于西方化生活方式的普及、新兴风险因素及其他环境与社会因素的影响、筛查接受度的提高，以及海湾地区数据收集与报告体系的完善。目前关于海湾地区乳腺癌风险因素的数据仍较为有限。在该地域，乳腺癌常呈现以下特征：发病年龄较早（多见于50岁以下）、确诊时多为晚期、病理分级较高。此外，其常表现出更具侵袭性的生物学特征，如人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）阳性或三阴性表型，在年轻患者中尤为突出。尽管海湾地区乳腺癌相关研究日益增多，但生存率数据仍显匮乏。现有生存率报告主要来自沙特阿拉伯和阿拉伯联合酋长国。阿联酋的预测模型显示，研究期间患者2年与5年生存率分别为97%和89%，与澳大利亚（89.5%）、加拿大（88.2%）等西方国家数据基本持平。相比之下，沙特阿拉伯报告的5年生存率显著偏低，仅为72%。这种生存率差异凸显了进一步研究的必要性：需深入探究风险因素及阻碍早期发现与筛查的障碍，同时亟需扩展海湾地区乳腺癌生存结局的数据报告。总之，必须更全面、细致地理解该地区乳腺癌的流行病学特征，才能为制定有效的预防、早筛及改善患者预后的策略提供科学依据。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家