Background: Ultrasonography (US) represents the gold standard imaging method for the assessment of testicular lesions (TL). The gray-scale (GSUS) and color-Doppler (CDUS) ultrasound examination allow sonographers to investigate the size, margins, echotexture, and vascular features of TLs with the aim to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. Recently, the use of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) and sonoelastography (SE) has led to further improvements in the differential diagnosis of TL. Although GSUS and CDUS are often sufficient to suggest the benign or malignant nature of the TL, CEUS can be decisive in the differential diagnosis of unclear findings, while SE can help to strengthen the diagnosis. The contemporary combination of GSUS, CDUS, CEUS, and SE has led to a new diagnostic paradigm named multiparametric US (mp-US), which is able to provide a more detailed characterization of TLs than single techniques alone. This narrative and pictorial review aimed to describe the mp-US appearance of several TLs. Methods: An extensive Medline search was performed to identify studies in the English language focusing on the mp-US evaluation of TLs. Results: A practical mp-US “identity card” and iconographic characterization of several benign and malignant TLs is provided herein. Conclusions: The mp-US characterization of TL reported herein can be useful in daily clinical practice.
背景：超声检查（US）是评估睾丸病变（TL）的金标准影像学方法。灰阶超声（GSUS）和彩色多普勒超声（CDUS）检查使超声医师能够探查TL的大小、边界、回声质地及血管特征，以区分良恶性病变。近年来，对比增强超声（CEUS）和超声弹性成像（SE）的应用进一步提升了TL的鉴别诊断水平。尽管GSUS和CDUS通常足以提示TL的良恶性，但CEUS可在不明确发现的鉴别诊断中起决定性作用，而SE则有助于强化诊断。GSUS、CDUS、CEUS和SE的联合应用催生了名为多参数超声（mp-US）的新诊断模式，该模式能够比单一技术更详细地描述TL特征。本叙述性图解综述旨在描述多种TL的mp-US表现。方法：通过广泛的Medline检索，筛选出聚焦于TL的mp-US评估的英文研究。结果：本文提供了多种良恶性TL的实用mp-US“特征卡”及影像学表征。结论：本文报道的TL的mp-US特征描述可用于日常临床实践。
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