The role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in assessing penile cancer is not well defined. However, this modality may be successfully applied for preoperative staging and patient selection; postoperative local and regional surveillance; and assessments of treatment response after oncological therapies. Previous studies have been mostly limited to a few small series evaluating the accuracy of MRI for the preoperative staging of penile cancer. This review discusses the principles of non-erectile mpMRI, including functional techniques and their applications in evaluating the male genital region, along with clinical protocols and technical considerations. The latest clinical classifications and guidelines are reviewed, focusing on imaging recommendations and discussing potential gaps and disadvantages. The development of functional MRI techniques and the extraction of quantitative parameters from these sequences enables the noninvasive assessment of phenotypic and genotypic tumor characteristics. The applications of advanced techniques in penile MRI are yet to be defined. There is a need for prospective trials and feasible multicenter trials due to the rarity of the disease, highlighting the importance of minimum technical requirements for MRI protocols, particularly image resolution, and finally determining the role of mpMRI in the assessment of penile cancer
多参数磁共振成像（mpMRI）在阴茎癌评估中的作用尚未明确界定。然而，该技术可成功应用于术前分期与患者选择、术后局部及区域监测，以及肿瘤治疗后的疗效评估。既往研究大多局限于少数小样本系列，主要评估MRI在阴茎癌术前分期中的准确性。本综述探讨了非勃起状态下多参数磁共振成像的原理，包括功能成像技术及其在男性生殖区域评估中的应用，同时涉及临床方案与技术考量。文中回顾了最新的临床分类与指南，重点关注影像学建议，并探讨了现有技术的潜在不足与局限性。功能磁共振技术的发展及从这些序列中提取定量参数的能力，使得无创评估肿瘤表型和基因型特征成为可能。先进技术在阴茎MRI中的应用仍有待明确。鉴于该疾病的罕见性，亟需开展前瞻性试验及可行的多中心研究，这凸显了制定MRI方案最低技术要求（特别是图像分辨率）的重要性，并最终确立多参数磁共振成像在阴茎癌评估中的价值。
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Penile Cancer: A Pictorial Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家