Coding and noncoding RNA molecules play their roles in ensuring cell function and tissue homeostasis in an ordered and systematic fashion. RNA chemical modifications can occur both at bases and ribose sugar, and, similarly to DNA and histone modifications, can be written, erased, and recognized by the corresponding enzymes, thus modulating RNA activities and fine-tuning gene expression programs. RNA editing is one of the most prevalent and abundant forms of post-transcriptional RNA modification in normal physiological processes. By altering the sequences of mRNAs, it makes them different from the corresponding genomic template. Hence, edited mRNAs can produce protein isoforms that are functionally different from the corresponding genome-encoded variants. Abnormalities in regulatory enzymes and changes in RNA-modification patterns are closely associated with the occurrence and development of various human diseases, including cancer. To date, the roles played by RNA modifications in cancer are gathering increasing interest. In this review, we focus on the role of RNA editing in cancer transformation and provide a new perspective on its impact on tumorigenesis, by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, migration, stemness, metabolism, and drug resistance.
编码与非编码RNA分子以有序且系统化的方式确保细胞功能和组织稳态。RNA化学修饰可发生于碱基与核糖糖基，类似于DNA和组蛋白修饰，其可被相应酶类进行写入、擦除与识别，从而调控RNA活性并精细调节基因表达程序。RNA编辑是正常生理过程中最普遍且丰度最高的转录后RNA修饰形式之一。通过改变mRNA序列，使其与对应的基因组模板产生差异，因此经过编辑的mRNA能够产生功能上不同于相应基因组编码变体的蛋白质亚型。调控酶的异常及RNA修饰模式的改变与包括癌症在内的多种人类疾病的发生发展密切相关。迄今，RNA修饰在癌症中的作用正日益受到关注。本综述聚焦RNA编辑在癌变过程中的作用，通过阐述其对细胞增殖、分化、侵袭、迁移、干性、代谢及耐药性的调控机制，为理解肿瘤发生提供新的视角。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家