Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogenous and recurrent group of malignancies originating from neuroendocrine secretory cells diffused on all parts of the human body. Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) account for most NENs. Considering the abundance of possible origins, locations, and tumor specifications, there is still no consensus about optimal treatment options for these neoplasms. In light of the escalating immunotherapeutic approaches, it is crucial to define indications for such therapy in GEP-NETs. Bearing in mind the significance of pathophysiological mechanisms and tumor microenvironment (TME) impact on carcinogenesis, defining TME structure and correlation with the immune system in GEP-NETs appears essential. This paper aimed to assess the characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment for a better understanding of the possible therapeutic options in GEP-NETS. The authors performed a systematic review, extracting papers from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Among 3800 articles identified through database searching, 292 were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 28 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. This paper sums up the research on the immune cell infiltrates, immune checkpoint expression, cytokine profile, neoangiogenesis, and microbiome in the TME of GEP-NETs.
神经内分泌肿瘤是一组具有异质性和复发性的恶性肿瘤，起源于遍布人体各处的神经内分泌分泌细胞。胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤构成了神经内分泌肿瘤的主体。鉴于其潜在起源、发生部位及肿瘤特性的多样性，目前对于这类肿瘤的最佳治疗方案尚未达成共识。随着免疫治疗方法的不断发展，明确其在胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤中的适应症显得尤为重要。考虑到病理生理机制及肿瘤微环境在癌变过程中的重要作用，明确胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤中肿瘤微环境的结构及其与免疫系统的关联至关重要。本文旨在评估肿瘤免疫微环境的特征，以更好地理解胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的潜在治疗选择。作者按照系统综述和荟萃分析优先报告条目指南，对PubMed、Web of Science和Scopus数据库中的文献进行了系统综述。通过数据库检索共发现3800篇文献，其中292篇符合纳入标准。最终，28篇文献被纳入定性分析。本文总结了胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞浸润、免疫检查点表达、细胞因子谱、新生血管生成及微生物组的相关研究。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家