Despite excellent outcomes, many open questions remain about Wilms tumor (WT). Influences and risk factors for tumorigenesis, as well as tumor aggressiveness and recurrence, are not fully understood. Parental age plays a role in various childhood diseases and is also discussed as a risk factor for childhood cancer. We analyzed both maternal and paternal age at birth as risk factors for the occurrence of Wilms and non-Wilms tumors in children and investigated whether older maternal or paternal age is associated with a higher tumor incidence. During 1990 and 2019 we collected data from 3991 patients from the multicenter studies SIOP9/GPO, SIOP 93-01/GPOH, and SIOP 2001/GPOH, of whom maternal and paternal age was available in 2277 cases. Data from the Federal Statistical Office containing live births in Germany from 1990–2019 served as a comparative database. For maternal age at birth, the control data yielded 22,451,412 cases and for paternal age yielded 19,046,314 cases. Comparing maternal and paternal ages of the study patients with those of the control data, we confirmed that higher parental age is not correlated with the incidence of renal tumors in childhood. Mean ages of fathers and mothers in patients and the control cohort increased between 1991 and 2019 (fathers: 30.28 vs. 34.04; mothers: 27.68 vs. 29.79 in the patient group and 31.29 vs. 34.23 and 28.88 vs. 32.67 in the control group, respectively) without higher numbers of patients with kidney cancer over time. No influence was found for the subtype of cancer nor for syndromes. In addition, overall survival of patients is independent of the year of diagnosis and the age of the parents but depends on histology type and stage in WT.
尽管肾母细胞瘤的治疗效果显著，但其发病机制仍存在诸多未解之谜。目前对肿瘤发生的影响因素与风险因子，以及肿瘤侵袭性和复发机制尚未完全阐明。父母生育年龄在多种儿童疾病中具有重要影响，也被认为是儿童肿瘤的潜在风险因素。本研究通过分析父母生育年龄与儿童肾母细胞瘤及非肾母细胞瘤发病风险的相关性，探讨高龄父母是否与肿瘤发生率升高存在关联。我们收集了1990年至2019年间来自SIOP9/GPO、SIOP 93-01/GPOH和SIOP 2001/GPOH多中心研究的3991例患者数据，其中2277例具有完整的父母年龄信息。以德国联邦统计局1990-2019年活产数据作为对照数据库，其中母亲生育年龄对照数据22,451,412例，父亲生育年龄对照数据19,046,314例。通过比较研究组与对照组的父母生育年龄，我们证实父母高龄与儿童肾脏肿瘤发病率无显著相关性。1991年至2019年间，患者组与对照组的父母平均年龄均呈上升趋势（患者组：父亲30.28岁升至34.04岁，母亲27.68岁升至29.79岁；对照组：父亲31.29岁升至34.23岁，母亲28.88岁升至32.67岁），但肾癌患者数量并未随时间增长而增加。研究未发现父母年龄对肿瘤亚型或综合征类型产生影响。此外，患者总体生存率与诊断年份及父母年龄无关，而取决于肾母细胞瘤的组织学类型和临床分期。
An Observational Case-Control Study on Parental Age and Childhood Renal Tumors
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家