Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common cancer among head and neck cancers. Despite a lower incidence of laryngeal carcinoma, new diagnostic techniques, and more targeted therapies, the overall survival has not changed significantly in the last decades, leading to a negative prognosis in advanced stages. Recently, several studies have focused on the identification of biomarkers that may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of LSCC. Reviewing the literature on the main databases, this study aims to investigate the role of some biomarkers in LSCC that are correlated with oxidative stress and inflammation: heat shock proteins; metallothioneins; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; heme oxygenase; cyclooxygenase-2; and micro ribonucleic acids. This review shows that biomarker expression depends on the type, grade of differentiation, stage, and site of carcinoma. In addition, the role of these biomarkers in LSCC is still little-known and little-studied. However, the study of biomarker expression and the detection of a possible correlation with patients’ epidemiological, clinicopathological, and therapeutics data may lead to better awareness and knowledge of the tumor, to the identification of the best therapeutic strategy, and the most proper follow-up protocol tailored for each patient. In conclusion, the achievement of these goals may improve the prognosis of LSCC patients.
喉鳞状细胞癌（LSCC）是头颈部癌症中第二常见的恶性肿瘤。尽管喉癌发病率相对较低，且新的诊断技术和更具针对性的治疗方法不断涌现，但近几十年来患者的总体生存率并未显著改善，导致晚期患者预后不良。近年来，多项研究聚焦于识别可能在LSCC发病机制中起关键作用的生物标志物。本研究通过检索主要数据库的相关文献，旨在探讨与氧化应激和炎症相关的几类生物标志物在LSCC中的作用：热休克蛋白、金属硫蛋白、核因子E2相关因子2、血红素加氧酶、环氧化酶-2以及微小核糖核酸。本综述表明，生物标志物的表达水平取决于癌症的类型、分化程度、分期及发生部位。此外，这些生物标志物在LSCC中的作用机制目前仍知之甚少且研究不足。然而，通过对生物标志物表达的研究，并探索其与患者流行病学特征、临床病理参数及治疗数据的潜在关联，有望更深入地认识肿瘤特性，从而为每位患者确定最佳治疗策略和个体化随访方案。综上所述，实现这些目标或将改善LSCC患者的预后。
Biomarkers in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Literature Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家