Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a significant medical challenge. Prostate cancer cells can develop mechanisms to resist androgen deprivation therapy, such as AR overexpression, AR mutations, alterations in AR coregulators, increased steroidogenic signaling pathways, outlaw pathways, and bypass pathways. Various treatment options for CRPC exist, including androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, localized or systemic therapeutic radiation, and PARP inhibitors. However, more research is needed to combat CRPC effectively. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms of the disease and the development of new therapeutic strategies will be crucial in improving patient outcomes. The present work summarizes the current knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms that promote CRPC, including both AR-dependent and independent pathways. Additionally, we provide an overview of the currently approved therapeutic options for CRPC, with special emphasis on chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and potential combination strategies.
前列腺癌（PC）是全球男性第二大常见癌症。尽管近年来诊断和治疗取得进展，去势抵抗性前列腺癌（CRPC）仍是重大医学挑战。前列腺癌细胞可通过多种机制抵抗雄激素剥夺治疗，包括雄激素受体（AR）过表达、AR突变、AR共调节因子改变、类固醇生成信号通路增强、异常通路及旁路激活等。目前CRPC的治疗选择包括雄激素剥夺治疗、化疗、免疫治疗、局部或全身性放射治疗以及PARP抑制剂。然而，有效对抗CRPC仍需更多研究。深入探索疾病发生机制并开发新型治疗策略，对改善患者预后至关重要。本文系统综述了促进CRPC发展的现有机制认知，涵盖AR依赖性与非依赖性通路，同时概述了当前获批的CRPC治疗方案，重点探讨化疗、放射治疗、免疫治疗、PARP抑制剂及潜在联合治疗策略。
Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: From Uncovered Resistance Mechanisms to Current Treatments
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家