The importance of microbiota in developing and treating diseases, including lung cancer (LC), is becoming increasingly recognized. Studies have shown differences in microorganism populations in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of patients with lung cancer compared to healthy individuals, indicating a link between dysbiosis and lung cancer. However, it is not only important to identify “which bacteria are present” but also to understand “how” they affect lung carcinogenesis. The interactions between the host and lung microbiota are complex, and our knowledge of this relationship is limited. This review presents research findings on the bacterial lung microbiota and discusses the mechanisms by which lung-dwelling microorganisms may directly or indirectly contribute to the development of lung cancer. These mechanisms include influences on the host immune system regulation and the local immune microenvironment, the regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways in epithelial cells (causing cell cycle disorders, mutagenesis, and DNA damage), and lastly, the MAMPs-mediated path involving the effects of bacteriocins, TLRs signaling induction, and TNF release. A better understanding of lung microbiota’s role in lung tumor pathology could lead to identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers and developing personalized therapeutic management for lung cancer patients.
微生物群在疾病发生与治疗中的重要性日益受到重视，包括肺癌在内的多种疾病均与之相关。研究表明，肺癌患者与健康人群在上、下呼吸道微生物种群构成上存在显著差异，这提示菌群失调与肺癌之间存在关联。然而，不仅需要明确“存在哪些细菌”，更重要的是理解这些微生物“如何”影响肺癌的发生过程。宿主与肺部微生物群之间的相互作用极为复杂，目前我们对此关系的认识仍有限。本综述系统梳理了关于肺部细菌微生物群的研究发现，探讨了定植于肺部的微生物可能通过直接或间接途径促进肺癌发展的机制。这些机制包括：影响宿主免疫系统调控及局部免疫微环境；调控上皮细胞的致癌信号通路（导致细胞周期紊乱、基因突变和DNA损伤）；以及通过微生物相关分子模式介导的途径，包括细菌素的作用、Toll样受体信号诱导和肿瘤坏死因子释放等。深入理解肺部微生物群在肺癌病理过程中的作用，有助于发现新的诊断与治疗生物标志物，并为肺癌患者制定个体化治疗方案提供依据。
Respiratory Tract Oncobiome in Lung Carcinogenesis: Where Are We Now?
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家