Statins are an essential medication class in the treatment of lipid diseases because they inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. They reduce cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in both primary and secondary prevention. In addition to their powerful pharmacologic suppression of cholesterol production, statins appear to have pleitropic effects in a wide variety of other diseases by modulating signaling pathways. In recent years, statins have seen a large increase in interest due to their putative anticancer effects. Statins appear to cause upregulation or inhibition in key pathways involved in cancer such as inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis as well as reducing cancer stemness. Further, statins have been found to induce oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis of cancer cells. Interestingly, clinical studies have shown that statin use is associated with a decreased risk of cancer formation, lower cancer grade at diagnosis, reduction in the risk of local reoccurrence, and increasing survival in patients. Therefore, our objective in the present review is to summarize the findings of the publications on the underlying mechanisms of statins’ anticancer effects and their clinical implications.
他汀类药物是治疗血脂异常的重要药物类别，因其能抑制3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A（HMG-CoA）还原酶。这类药物可降低胆固醇水平，并在心血管疾病的一级和二级预防中降低发病风险。除了强大的胆固醇合成抑制作用外，他汀类药物似乎还能通过调节信号通路在多种其他疾病中产生多效性作用。近年来，因其潜在的抗癌效应，他汀类药物受到广泛关注。研究表明，他汀类药物可上调或抑制癌症关键通路，包括抑制肿瘤增殖、血管生成和转移过程，同时降低肿瘤干细胞特性。此外，他汀类药物还能诱导癌细胞氧化应激、细胞周期阻滞、自噬及凋亡。值得注意的是，临床研究显示他汀类药物的使用与癌症发生风险降低、确诊时癌症分级更低、局部复发风险减少以及患者生存期延长相关。因此，本综述旨在总结现有文献中关于他汀类药物抗癌作用机制及其临床意义的研究发现。
Unraveling the Anticancer Potential of Statins: Mechanisms and Clinical Significance
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家