Hemoptysis in cancer patients can occur for various reasons, including infections, tumors, blood vessel abnormalities and inflammatory conditions. The degree of hemoptysis is commonly classified according to the quantity of blood expelled. However, volume-based definitions may not accurately reflect the clinical impact of bleeding. This review explores a more comprehensive approach to evaluating hemoptysis by considering its risk factors, epidemiology and clinical consequences. In particular, this review provides insight into the risk factors, identifies mortality rates associated with hemoptysis in cancer patients and highlights the need for developing a mortality prediction score specific for cancer patients. The use of hemoptysis-related variables may help stratify patients into risk categories; optimize the control of bleeding with critical care; implement the use of tracheobronchial or vascular interventions; and aid in treatment planning. Effective management of hemoptysis in cancer patients must address the underlying cause while also providing supportive care to improve patients’ quality of life.
癌症患者发生咯血的原因多样，包括感染、肿瘤、血管异常及炎症性疾病。临床上通常根据咯血量对咯血程度进行分级，但基于出血量的定义可能无法准确反映咯血的实际临床影响。本综述通过综合考量咯血的风险因素、流行病学特征及临床结局，探讨更为全面的咯血评估方法。特别聚焦于癌症患者咯血的危险因素分析，明确相关死亡率数据，并强调建立针对癌症患者咯血特异性死亡风险预测评分体系的必要性。利用咯血相关变量进行风险分层，有助于优化重症监护下的出血控制策略，实施气管支气管或血管介入治疗，并为治疗方案制定提供依据。癌症患者咯血的有效管理需在针对病因治疗的同时，提供支持性照护以改善患者生活质量。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家