Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), with a shift towards adopting new treatment approaches ranging from monotherapy to triple-combination therapy. This progress has been spearheaded by fundamental technological advancements that have allowed a deeper understanding of the various biological components of this cancer. In particular, the rapid commercialization of transcriptomics technologies, such as single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) methodologies, has played a crucial role in accelerating this understanding. Through precise measurements facilitated by these technologies, the research community has successfully identified and characterized diverse tumor, immune, and stromal cell populations, uncovering their interactions and pathways involved in disease progression. In localized ccRCC, patients have shown impressive response rates to treatment. However, despite the emerging findings and new knowledge provided in the field, there are still patients that do not respond to treatment, especially in advanced disease stages. One of the key challenges lies in the limited study of ccRCC metastases compared to localized cases. This knowledge gap may contribute to the relatively low survival rates and response rates observed in patients with metastatic ccRCC. To bridge this gap, we here delve into recent research utilizing scRNA-seq technologies in both primary and metastatic ccRCC. The goal of this review is to shed light on the current state of knowledge in the field, present existing treatment options, and emphasize the crucial steps needed to improve survival rates, particularly in cases of metastatic ccRCC.
过去二十年间，透明细胞肾细胞癌（ccRCC）的治疗取得了显著进展，治疗策略已从单一疗法转向三联疗法等多种新方案。这一进展主要得益于基础技术的突破，使人们能够更深入地理解该癌症的多种生物学特征。特别是单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）等转录组学技术的快速商业化应用，为加速这一认知进程发挥了关键作用。通过这些技术实现的精准测量，研究界已成功鉴定并表征了肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞及基质细胞等多种细胞群体，揭示了它们在疾病进展中的相互作用及相关通路。在局限性ccRCC治疗中，患者已展现出令人瞩目的应答率。然而，尽管该领域不断涌现新发现与新认知，仍有部分患者对治疗无应答，尤其在晚期疾病阶段。关键挑战之一在于，与局限性病例相比，针对ccRCC转移灶的研究仍显不足。这种认知差距可能是导致转移性ccRCC患者生存率和应答率相对较低的重要因素。为弥补这一空白，本文深入探讨了近期利用scRNA-seq技术对原发性和转移性ccRCC开展的研究。本综述旨在阐明该领域当前认知水平，梳理现有治疗方案，并着重强调提升患者生存率所需的关键步骤，特别是在转移性ccRCC的治疗方面。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家