Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Although recent multi-omic studies have led to advances in MB classification, there is still room for improvement with regard to treatment response and survival. Therefore, identification of new and less invasive biomarkers is needed to refine the diagnostic process and to develop more personalized treatment strategies. In this context, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could be useful biomarkers for MB. In this article, we reviewed the role of two types of ncRNAs, long non-coding (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as biomarkers for the diagnosis, subgroup classification, and prognosis of MB. We also reviewed potential candidates with specific functions and mechanisms of action in the disease. We performed a search in PubMed and Scopus using the terms (“long non coding RNAs” OR ”lncRNAs”) and (“circular RNAs” OR ”circRNAs”) AND ”medulloblastoma” to identify biomarker discovery or functional studies evaluating the effects of these ncRNAs in MB. A total of 26 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among the lncRNAs, the tumorigenic effects of the upregulatedlnc-IRX3-80andlnc-LRRC47-78were the most studied in MB. Among the circRNAs, the upregulation ofcircSKA3and its functional impact in MB cell lines were the most consistent results, so this circRNA could be considered a potential biomarker in MB. Additional validation is required for many deregulated lncRNAs and circRNAs; therefore, further studies are warranted.
髓母细胞瘤是儿童期最常见的恶性脑肿瘤。尽管近期多组学研究推动了髓母细胞瘤分类的进展，但在治疗反应和生存率方面仍有改进空间。因此，需要鉴定新型、微创的生物标志物以优化诊断流程，并制定更个性化的治疗策略。在此背景下，非编码RNA可能成为髓母细胞瘤的有效生物标志物。本文综述了两类非编码RNA——长链非编码RNA和环状RNA作为髓母细胞瘤诊断、亚型分类及预后生物标志物的作用，同时探讨了在该疾病中具有特定功能和作用机制的潜在候选分子。我们通过PubMed和Scopus数据库，以（“长链非编码RNA”或“lncRNA”）和（“环状RNA”或“circRNA”）及“髓母细胞瘤”为检索词，筛选评估这些非编码RNA在髓母细胞瘤中作用的生物标志物发现或功能研究。最终纳入26篇符合标准的文献。在长链非编码RNA中，上调表达的lnc-IRX3-80和lnc-LRRC47-78的致瘤效应在髓母细胞瘤中研究最为深入；在环状RNA中，circSKA3的上调及其在髓母细胞瘤细胞系中的功能影响是最具一致性的发现，该环状RNA可能成为髓母细胞瘤的潜在生物标志物。目前多数异常表达的长链非编码RNA和环状RNA仍需进一步验证，因此需要开展更深入的研究。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家