As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) emerge as a paradigm-shifting treatment option for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer, there is a growing demand for biomarkers that can distinguish which patients are likely to benefit. In the case of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by a lack of therapeutic targets, pembrolizumab approval for high-risk early-stage disease occurred regardless of PD-L1 status, which keeps the condition in a biomarker limbus. In this review, we highlight the participation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, as well as in the definition of prognostic immune-related signatures in many types of tumors, aiming to shed light on molecules that deserve further investigation for a potential role as biomarkers. We also conducted a bioinformatic analysis to investigate lncRNAs already investigated in PD-1/PDL-1 pathways in other cancer types, considering the TNBC molecular context. In this sense, from the generated data, we evidence here two lncRNAs, UCA1 and HCP5, which have not yet been identified in the context of the tumoral immune response in breast cancer. These candidates can be further explored to verify their use as biomarkers for ICI response. In this article, we present an updated review regarding the use of lncRNA as biomarkers of response to ICI, highlighting the versatility of using these molecules.
随着免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）成为晚期或转移性癌症患者治疗模式转变的重要选择，对能够区分哪些患者可能从中获益的生物标志物的需求日益增长。以缺乏治疗靶点为特征的三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）为例，帕博利珠单抗获批用于高风险早期疾病时并未考虑PD-L1状态，这使得该疾病仍处于生物标志物的模糊地带。本综述重点探讨了长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在PD-1/PD-L1通路调控中的作用，以及在多种肿瘤类型中定义预后免疫相关特征的功能，旨在揭示值得进一步研究其作为生物标志物潜力的分子。我们还进行了生物信息学分析，结合TNBC的分子背景，研究了已在其他癌症类型的PD-1/PD-L1通路中探讨过的lncRNA。基于生成的数据，我们在此提出了两种尚未在乳腺癌肿瘤免疫应答中被识别的lncRNA——UCA1和HCP5。这些候选分子可进一步探索，以验证其作为ICI反应生物标志物的应用价值。本文就lncRNA作为ICI反应生物标志物的应用进行了最新综述，强调了这些分子应用的多样性。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家