Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized cancer therapy. However, response to ICI is often limited to selected subsets of patients or not durable. Tumors that are non-responsive to checkpoint inhibition are characterized by low anti-tumoral immune cell infiltration and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Exercise is known to promote immune cell circulation and improve immunosurveillance. Results of recent studies indicate that physical activity can induce mobilization and redistribution of immune cells towards the tumor microenvironment (TME) and therefore enhance anti-tumor immunity. This suggests a favorable impact of exercise on the efficacy of ICI. Our review delivers insight into possible molecular mechanisms of the crosstalk between muscle, tumor, and immune cells. It summarizes current data on exercise-induced effects on anti-tumor immunity and ICI in mice and men. We consider preclinical and clinical study design challenges and discuss the role of cancer type, exercise frequency, intensity, time, and type (FITT) and immune sensitivity as critical factors for exercise-induced impact on cancer immunosurveillance.
免疫检查点抑制（ICI）已彻底改变了癌症治疗。然而，ICI的疗效通常仅限于特定患者亚群，且往往无法持久。对检查点抑制无反应的肿瘤具有抗肿瘤免疫细胞浸润不足和高度免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境的特点。已知运动能促进免疫细胞循环并增强免疫监视。近期研究结果表明，体育活动可诱导免疫细胞向肿瘤微环境（TME）的动员与重新分布，从而提升抗肿瘤免疫力。这提示运动可能对ICI疗效产生积极影响。本综述深入探讨了肌肉、肿瘤与免疫细胞间相互作用的潜在分子机制，系统总结了当前关于运动对小鼠和人类抗肿瘤免疫及ICI影响的研究数据。我们分析了临床前与临床研究设计面临的挑战，并探讨了癌症类型、运动频率、强度、时间与类型（FITT）以及免疫敏感性作为运动影响癌症免疫监视关键因素的作用。
Can Exercise Enhance the Efficacy of Checkpoint Inhibition by Modulating Anti-Tumor Immunity?
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家