The link between Alzheimer’s disease and cancer risk is a concern in public health. However, research has yielded limited and sometimes contrasting results, suggesting the need for more validation. We analyzed a large cohort to examine the long-term association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the risk of developing cancer. In total, 24,664 AD patients and 98,656 control participants were selected from the National Health Insurance Cohort database of Korea, spanning from 2002 to 2019. Propensity score matching and overlap-weighted adjustment techniques were used to balance the standardized differences between the AD and control groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various cancers, considering relevant covariates. Results indicated that patients with AD had a significantly lower likelihood of overall malignancy (HR 0.63; 95% CI, 0.59–0.68) and each of the 10 site-specific cancers compared to the control group. Among these, pancreatic cancer (HR, 0.50) exhibited the strongest inverse association, followed by hepatic (HR, 0.60), gastric (HR, 0.63), kidney (HR, 0.63), lung (HR, 0.64), thyroid (HR, 0.65), colorectal (HR, 0.67), gallbladder and biliary duct (HR, 0.73), hematologic malignancy (HR, 0.73), and bladder cancers (HR, 0.76). This protective effect against certain organ-specific cancers persisted over the 16-year follow-up period, except for in kidney cancer and hematologic malignancies. The protective effect against specific cancer types (gastric, colorectal, lung, hepatic, and pancreatic) was more prominent in individuals aged 60 years and older, regardless of their sex. However, there were some variations in the specific types of cancer observed between males and females. In summary, Korean patients with AD had a lower risk of cancer, especially in individuals 60 years and older, during the 16-year follow-up period.
阿尔茨海默病与癌症风险之间的关联是公共卫生领域关注的重要议题。现有研究结果有限且存在不一致性，表明需要更多验证。本研究通过分析大规模队列数据，探讨阿尔茨海默病（AD）与癌症发病风险的长期关联。我们从韩国国民健康保险队列数据库（2002-2019年）中筛选了24,664名AD患者和98,656名对照参与者。采用倾向评分匹配和重叠加权调整技术平衡AD组与对照组的标准化差异。应用Cox比例风险模型计算多种癌症的风险比（HR）及95%置信区间（CI），并校正相关协变量。结果显示，与对照组相比，AD患者总体恶性肿瘤风险显著降低（HR 0.63；95% CI 0.59–0.68），其10种特定部位癌症风险均呈现下降趋势。其中胰腺癌风险下降最为显著（HR 0.50），其余依次为肝癌（HR 0.60）、胃癌（HR 0.63）、肾癌（HR 0.63）、肺癌（HR 0.64）、甲状腺癌（HR 0.65）、结直肠癌（HR 0.67）、胆囊胆管癌（HR 0.73）、血液系统恶性肿瘤（HR 0.73）和膀胱癌（HR 0.76）。在16年随访期间，除肾癌和血液系统恶性肿瘤外，这种针对特定器官癌症的保护效应持续存在。在60岁及以上人群中，针对特定癌症类型（胃癌、结直肠癌、肺癌、肝癌和胰腺癌）的保护效应更为显著，且不受性别影响。但男女性别间在具体癌症类型上存在一定差异。综上所述，在16年随访期间，韩国AD患者的癌症风险较低，这一现象在60岁及以上人群中尤为明显。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家