Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Despite advancements in detection and therapeutic options, patients with metastatic CRC continue to face poor survival rates. The heterogeneity of oncogenic alterations, including BRAF mutations, poses a substantial challenge in identifying optimal treatment approaches. Notably, BRAF non-V600 mutations, encompassing class II and class III mutations, exhibit the distinct patterns of the signaling pathways and responses to targeted therapies compared to BRAF V600 mutations (class I). Nevertheless, the current classification system may underestimate the complexity and heterogeneity of BRAF-mutant CRC. Ongoing clinical trials are actively investigating targeted therapies for BRAF non-V600 mutations, but they are being confronted with patient recruitment obstacles due to the genetic diversity of these alterations. Continued research is needed to refine mutation subtyping, identify effective treatment strategies, and improve outcomes for patients with BRAF non-V600-mutant CRC. Enhancing our understanding and management of this specific subgroup of CRC is crucial for developing personalized treatment approaches and advancing patient care. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in and perspectives on BRAF non-V600 alterations in colorectal cancer, including relevant ongoing clinical trials.
结直肠癌是美国癌症相关死亡的第三大主要原因。尽管检测和治疗手段有所进步，转移性结直肠癌患者的生存率仍然较低。致癌基因改变的异质性，包括BRAF突变，对确定最佳治疗方案构成了重大挑战。值得注意的是，与BRAF V600突变（I类）相比，包含II类和III类突变的BRAF非V600突变在信号通路模式和靶向治疗反应方面表现出显著差异。然而，当前的分类系统可能低估了BRAF突变结直肠癌的复杂性和异质性。目前正在进行的临床试验正积极研究针对BRAF非V600突变的靶向疗法，但由于这些基因改变的多样性，患者招募面临障碍。需要持续深入研究以完善突变亚型分类、确定有效治疗策略，并改善BRAF非V600突变结直肠癌患者的预后。加强对这一特定结直肠癌亚群的理解和管理，对于制定个体化治疗方案和推进患者护理至关重要。本文全面综述了结直肠癌中BRAF非V600基因改变的最新进展与展望，包括相关正在进行的临床试验。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家