Immortalized cell lines originating from tumors and cultured in monolayers in vitro display consistent behavior and response, and generate reproducible results across laboratories. However, for certain endpoints, these cell lines behave quite differently from the original solid tumors. Thereby, the homogeneity of immortalized cell lines and two-dimensionality of monolayer cultures deters from the development of new therapies and translatability of results to the more complex situation in vivo. Organoids originating from tissue biopsies and spheroids from cell lines mimic the heterogeneous and multidimensional characteristics of tumor cells in 3D structures in vitro. Thus, they have the advantage of recapitulating the more complex tissue architecture of solid tumors. In this review, we discuss recent efforts in basic and preclinical cancer research to establish methods to generate organoids/spheroids and living biobanks from endocrine tissues and target organs under endocrine control while striving to achieve solutions in personalized medicine.
源自肿瘤并在体外以单层培养的永生化细胞系表现出稳定的行为与反应，在不同实验室间能产生可重复的结果。然而，对于某些研究终点而言，这些细胞系的行为与原始实体肿瘤存在显著差异。因此，永生化细胞系的同质性及单层培养的二维特性阻碍了新疗法的开发，也限制了实验结果向更复杂的体内环境转化。源自组织活检的类器官及细胞系来源的球状体在体外三维结构中模拟了肿瘤细胞的异质性与多维特征，因而具有重现实体肿瘤更复杂组织结构的重要优势。本综述讨论了基础与临床前癌症研究中的最新进展，重点关注从内分泌组织及内分泌调控靶器官中建立类器官/球状体生成方法及活体生物样本库的探索，同时致力于推动个性化医疗解决方案的实现。
Three Dimensional Models of Endocrine Organs and Target Tissues Regulated by the Endocrine System
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家