Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of systemic muscle mass and decreased muscle strength or physical function. Several conditions have a role in its pathogenesis, significantly impacting adverse outcomes such as falls, functional decline, frailty, disability, multiple hospitalizations, and mortality. In the oncological setting, sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk of treatment toxicity, postoperative complications, and a higher mortality rate related to other causes (e.g., pneumonia). In the hematological field, even more so, sarcopenia predicts toxicity and response to treatments. In patients with hematologic malignancy, low muscle mass is associated with adverse outcomes and is a predictor of overall survival and non-relapse mortality. Therefore, it is essential to correctly recognize sarcopenia, evaluate the risk factors and their impact on the patient’s trajectory, and effectively treat sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a reversible condition. The most effective intervention for reversing it is physical exercise combined with nutrition. The objective of clinical assessment focused on sarcopenia is to be able to carry out a “tailor-made treatment”.
肌肉减少症是一种老年综合征，其特征是全身肌肉质量进行性减少，并伴有肌肉力量或身体功能下降。多种因素在其发病机制中发挥作用，显著影响不良结局，如跌倒、功能衰退、衰弱、残疾、多次住院和死亡率。在肿瘤学领域，肌肉减少症与治疗毒性风险增加、术后并发症以及与其他原因（如肺炎）相关的较高死亡率有关。在血液学领域，肌肉减少症更能预测治疗毒性和治疗反应。在血液恶性肿瘤患者中，低肌肉质量与不良结局相关，并且是总生存期和非复发死亡率的预测因子。因此，正确识别肌肉减少症、评估风险因素及其对患者病程的影响，并有效治疗肌肉减少症至关重要。肌肉减少症是一种可逆的病症。逆转肌肉减少症最有效的干预措施是体育锻炼结合营养支持。以肌肉减少症为重点的临床评估目标在于能够实施“个体化治疗”。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家