Head and neck cancer (HNC) treatments have been based on single or multimodal therapies with surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. However, treatment recommendations among countries may differ due to technological/human resources and usual local practices. This scoping review aims to identify, compare, and map the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx worldwide. A search strategy on global CPGs for HNC was performed by using five electronic databases and grey literature. CPGs were selected for inclusion using EndNote-20 and Rayyan online software. No language or publication date restrictions were applied. The results were analyzed descriptively considering the most updated CPG version. In total, 25 CPGs covering the head and neck region (10), the larynx (7), the oral cavity (5), and the oropharynx (3), were found in 13 geographical regions, and 19 were developed by medical societies from 1996 to 2023. Surgery and RT remain the main modalities for early-stage HNC, with surgery preferred in low-resource countries, and RT in selected cases, especially in the larynx/oropharynx aiming to achieve a cure with organ preservation. Human papillomavirus infection for oropharyngeal SCC is not tested in some Asian countries and there is still no consensus to treat p16-positive cases differently from p16-negative. Recommendations for larynx preservation vary according to facilities in each country, however, individualized choice is emphasized. Inequality across countries/continents is evident, with a similar pattern of recommendations among developed as well as developing ones. No CPGs were found in Latin America as well as Oceania countries, where the incidence of HNC is high and limitations of access to treatment may be encountered.
头颈部癌症的治疗主要基于手术、放疗、化疗及免疫治疗的单模式或多模式疗法。然而，由于技术/人力资源及地区常规实践的差异，各国治疗建议可能存在不同。本范围综述旨在识别、比较并梳理全球范围内针对口腔、口咽及喉部鳞状细胞癌的临床实践指南。通过检索五个电子数据库及灰色文献，系统收集了头颈部癌症相关的全球临床实践指南。使用EndNote-20与Rayyan在线软件筛选纳入指南，未设置语言或发表时间限制。以最新版指南为依据进行描述性分析。共纳入25份指南，涵盖头颈部区域（10份）、喉部（7份）、口腔（5份）及口咽部（3份），涉及13个地理区域，其中19份由医学学会于1996至2023年间制定。手术与放疗仍是早期头颈部癌症的主要治疗方式，资源匮乏国家更倾向手术，而特定病例（尤其喉部/口咽部肿瘤）则优先选择放疗以实现器官保留治愈。部分亚洲国家未开展口咽鳞癌人乳头瘤病毒感染检测，且对p16阳性与阴性病例的治疗差异尚未形成共识。喉功能保留方案的建议因各国医疗条件而异，但均强调个体化选择。国家及大洲间的不平等现象显著，发达国家与发展中国家的推荐模式存在相似性。拉丁美洲及大洋洲国家虽头颈部癌症发病率高且治疗可及性受限，却未见相关临床实践指南发布。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家