Background: Reducing obesity and weight gain, which often occurs during breast cancer treatment, may represent an efficient secondary or tertiary prevention against cancer. Purpose: This retrospective observational cohort study aimed to assess the impact of a Mediterranean diet on weight and anthropometric changes in women completing active breast cancer treatment. Additionally, we sought to identify factors associated with study dropout within one year. Methods: A total of 182 female patients (20 normal weight, 59 overweight, 103 obese) received personalized Mediterranean diet interventions and underwent monthly outpatient visits. Results: Dropout rates were 42.3% at 6 months and 64.1% at 12 months. Among the obese subgroup, BMI (p< 0.001) and fat mass (p< 0.05) decreased after 6 months. At 12 months, the obese subgroup showed a borderline significant further reduction in BMI (p= 0.062). BMI or weight loss did not predict dropout at any time point. However, age (OR = 0.91) and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.07) were significant predictors of dropout at 12 months. Conclusion: Implementing a Mediterranean diet can lead to weight and anthropometric improvements in breast cancer survivors. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects of weight loss on these individuals, identify effective dietary approaches, and consider specific predictors of dropout.
背景：减轻肥胖及体重增加（这在乳腺癌治疗期间常发生）可能是一种有效的癌症二级或三级预防措施。目的：本回顾性观察队列研究旨在评估地中海饮食对完成乳腺癌积极治疗女性体重及人体测量学指标变化的影响，并试图识别一年内研究退出的相关因素。方法：共182例女性患者（正常体重20例，超重59例，肥胖103例）接受个性化地中海饮食干预，并每月进行门诊随访。结果：6个月退出率为42.3%，12个月为64.1%。在肥胖亚组中，6个月后体重指数（p<0.001）和脂肪量（p<0.05）显著下降。12个月时，肥胖亚组体重指数呈现临界显著进一步降低（p=0.062）。体重指数或体重减轻在任何时间点均不能预测退出情况。然而，年龄（OR=0.91）和舒张压（OR=1.07）是12个月退出的显著预测因素。结论：实施地中海饮食可改善乳腺癌幸存者的体重及人体测量学指标。需进一步研究探索减重对这类人群的长期影响，确定有效的饮食干预策略，并考量特定的退出预测因素。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家