The key challenges to treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the heterogeneous and complex nature of the GBM tumour microenvironment (TME) and difficulty of drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The TME is composed of various neuronal and immune cells, as well as non-cellular components, including metabolic products, cellular interactions, and chemical compositions, all of which play a critical role in GBM development and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we aim to unravel the complexity of the GBM TME, evaluate current therapeutics targeting this microenvironment, and lastly identify potential targets and therapeutic delivery vehicles for the treatment of GBM. Specifically, we explore the potential of aptamer-targeted delivery as a successful approach to treating brain cancers. Aptamers have emerged as promising therapeutic drug delivery vehicles with the potential to cross the BBB and deliver payloads to GBM and brain metastases. By targeting specific ligands within the TME, aptamers could potentially improve treatment outcomes and overcome the challenges associated with larger therapies such as antibodies.
治疗多形性胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）的关键挑战在于其肿瘤微环境（TME）的异质性和复杂性，以及药物跨越血脑屏障（BBB）的递送困难。GBM的TME由多种神经元和免疫细胞以及非细胞成分构成，包括代谢产物、细胞间相互作用和化学组分，这些因素均在GBM的发展及治疗抵抗中发挥关键作用。本综述旨在解析GBM肿瘤微环境的复杂性，评估当前针对该微环境的治疗策略，并最终确定治疗GBM的潜在靶点与药物递送载体。特别地，我们探讨了适配体靶向递送作为治疗脑癌的有效方法的潜力。适配体已成为具有前景的治疗性药物递送载体，能够跨越血脑屏障并将有效载荷递送至GBM及脑转移瘤。通过靶向TME内的特定配体，适配体有望改善治疗效果，并克服如抗体等较大型疗法所面临的挑战。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家