Advances in genomic technologies have significantly improved the management of colorectal cancer (CRC). Several biomarkers have been identified in CRC that enable personalization in the use of biologic agents that have shown to enhance the clinical outcomes of patients. However, technologies used for their determination generate massive amounts of information that can be difficult for the clinician to interpret and use adequately. Through several discussion meetings, a group of oncology experts from Spain and several Latin American countries reviewed the latest literature to provide practical recommendations on the determination of biomarkers in CRC based on their clinical experience. The article also describes the importance of looking for additional prognostic biomarkers and the use of histopathology to establish an adequate molecular classification. Present and future of immunotherapy biomarkers in CRC patients are also discussed, together with several techniques for marker determination, including liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing (NGS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fecal immunohistochemical tests. Finally, the role of Molecular Tumor Boards in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC is described. All of this information will allow us to highlight the importance of biomarker determination in CRC.
基因组学技术的进步显著改善了结直肠癌（CRC）的管理。目前已鉴定出多种结直肠癌生物标志物，能够指导生物制剂的个体化应用，这些应用已被证实可提升患者的临床疗效。然而，用于检测这些标志物的技术会产生海量信息，临床医生往往难以充分解读和利用。通过多次专题研讨，来自西班牙及多个拉丁美洲国家的肿瘤学专家组结合临床经验，在回顾最新文献的基础上，就结直肠癌生物标志物的检测提出了实用性建议。本文同时阐述了探索其他预后生物标志物的重要性，以及如何运用组织病理学建立完善的分子分型体系。文中还探讨了结直肠癌免疫治疗生物标志物的现状与未来，并系统介绍了液体活检、新一代测序（NGS）、聚合酶链式反应（PCR）及粪便免疫组化检测等多种标志物检测技术。最后，文章阐述了分子肿瘤委员会在结直肠癌诊疗中的关键作用。这些信息共同凸显了生物标志物检测在结直肠癌诊疗体系中的重要价值。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家