Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common subtype of thyroid cancer and has an excellent overall prognosis. However, metastatic DTC in certain cases may have a poor prognosis as it becomes radioiodine-refractory. Molecular imaging is essential for disease evaluation and further management. The most commonly used tracers are [18F]FDG and isotopes of radioiodine. Several other radiopharmaceuticals may be used as well, with different diagnostic performances. This review article aims to summarize radiopharmaceuticals used in patients with radioiodine-refractory DTC (RAI-R DTC), focusing on their different molecular pathways. Additionally, it will demonstrate possible applications of the theranostics approach to this subgroup of metastatic DTC.
分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)是甲状腺癌最常见的亚型,总体预后良好。然而,部分转移性DTC可能因发展为放射性碘难治性而预后不良。分子影像学对于疾病评估和后续管理至关重要。最常用的示踪剂为[18F]FDG和放射性碘同位素,此外还可使用多种具有不同诊断性能的放射性药物。本文旨在综述放射性碘难治性DTC(RAI-R DTC)患者诊疗中使用的放射性药物,重点关注其作用的不同分子通路,并探讨诊疗一体化策略在该转移性DTC亚群中的潜在应用前景。
Molecular Theranostics in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer