Unintentional local temperature effects can occur during irreversible electroporation (IRE) treatment, especially near the electrodes, and most frequently near the tip. Partial electrical insulation of the IRE electrodes could possibly control these temperature effects. This study investigated and visualized the effect of partial electrical insulation applied to the IRE electrodes on the electric field line pattern and temperature gradient. Six designs of (partial) electrical insulation of the electrode tip and/or active needle length (ANL) of the original monopolar 19G IRE electrodes were investigated. A semolina in castor oil model was used to visualize the electric field line pattern in a high-voltage static electric field. An optical method to visualize a change in temperature gradient (color Schlieren) was used to image the temperature development in a polyacrylamide gel. Computational models were used to support the experimental findings. Around the electrode tip, the highest electric field line density and temperature gradient were present. The more insulation was applied to the electrodes, the higher the resistance. Tip and ANL insulation together reduced the active area of and around the electrodes, resulting in a visually enlarged area that showed a change in temperature gradient. Electrically insulating the electrode tip together with an adjustment in IRE parameter settings could potentially reduce the uncontrollable influence of the tip and may improve the predictability of the current pathway development.
在不可逆电穿孔（IRE）治疗过程中，尤其是在电极附近，特别是电极尖端附近，可能会出现非预期的局部温度效应。对IRE电极进行部分电绝缘处理可能有助于控制这些温度效应。本研究探讨并可视化了部分电绝缘处理对IRE电极电场线分布和温度梯度的影响。研究针对原始单极19G IRE电极的尖端和/或有效针长（ANL）设计了六种部分电绝缘方案。通过蓖麻油中的粗面粉模型，在高电压静电场中可视化了电场线分布。采用光学方法（彩色纹影法）对聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中的温度变化进行了成像。计算模型用于支持实验结果。电极尖端周围存在最高的电场线密度和温度梯度。电极绝缘程度越高，电阻越大。尖端和ANL同时绝缘会减小电极及其周围的有效区域，导致温度梯度变化的可视区域明显扩大。对电极尖端进行电绝缘处理，并结合IRE参数设置的调整，可能减少尖端不可控的影响，并提高电流路径发展的可预测性。
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