Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer, accounting for approximately one in eight cancer diagnoses worldwide. In 2020, there were approximately 2.3 million new cases of breast cancer globally, resulting in around 685,000 deaths. Consequently, there is an ongoing need to develop innovative therapeutic approaches that can improve both clinical outcomes and patient quality of life. The use of ultra-low cryogenic temperatures, facilitated by cryogenic media such as liquid nitrogen, has revolutionized the biomedical field and opened up new possibilities for advanced clinical treatments, including cryosurgery. Cryosurgery has demonstrated its feasibility as a minimally invasive technique for destroying breast tumors and eliciting a significant antitumor immune response in the host. This feature sets cryosurgery apart from other ablative techniques. It has been shown to be well tolerated and effective, offering several advantages such as simplicity, the avoidance of general anesthesia, minimal pain, low morbidity, short recovery time, cost-effectiveness, and notably, improved aesthetic outcomes. The reviewed studies indicate that cryosurgery holds promise in the management of early-stage breast cancer and metastatic disease, especially in triple-negative and Her2-positive molecular subtypes in conjunction with checkpoint inhibitors and anti-Her2 antibodies, respectively. Furthermore, the effectiveness of cryosurgery in the management of ductal carcinoma in situ should be investigated as an alternative modality to surgery or surveillance. The minimally invasive nature of cryosurgery has the potential to significantly enhance the quality of life for patients.
乳腺癌是最常见的癌症类型，约占全球癌症诊断病例的八分之一。2020年，全球新增乳腺癌病例约230万例，导致约68.5万人死亡。因此，持续需要开发创新的治疗方法，以改善临床结果并提高患者生活质量。利用液氮等低温介质实现的超低温冷冻技术，已经彻底改变了生物医学领域，并为包括冷冻手术在内的先进临床治疗开辟了新的可能性。冷冻手术作为一种微创技术，已证明其能够有效破坏乳腺肿瘤并引发宿主产生显著的抗肿瘤免疫反应。这一特点使冷冻手术区别于其他消融技术。研究表明，冷冻手术耐受性良好且疗效显著，具有操作简便、无需全身麻醉、疼痛轻微、发病率低、恢复时间短、成本效益高以及显著改善美观效果等多项优势。综述研究表明，冷冻手术在早期乳腺癌和转移性疾病的治疗中具有应用前景，尤其适用于三阴性乳腺癌和Her2阳性分子亚型，可分别与检查点抑制剂和抗Her2抗体联合使用。此外，应研究冷冻手术治疗导管原位癌的有效性，作为手术或监测的替代方案。冷冻手术的微创特性有望显著提升患者的生活质量。
The Evolving Role of Cryosurgery in Breast Cancer Management: A Comprehensive Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家