Survival studies are important tools for cancer control, but long-term survival data on high-quality cancer registries are lacking for all cancers, including prostate (PC), testicular (TC), and penile cancers. Using generalized additive models and data from the NORDCAN database, we analyzed 1- and 5-year relative survival for these cancers in Denmark (DK), Finland (FI), Norway (NO), and Sweden (SE) over a 50-year period (1971–2020). We additionally estimated conditional 5/1-year survival for patients who survived the 1st year after diagnosis. Survival improved early for TC, and 5-year survival reached 90% between 1985 (SE) and 2000 (FI). Towards the end of the follow-up, the TC patients who had survived the 1st year survived the next 4 years with comparable probability to the background population. For PC, the 90% landmark was reached between 2000 (FI) and after 2010 (DK). For penile cancer, 5-year survival never reached the 90% landmark, and the improvements in survival were modest at best. For TC, early mortality requires attention, whereas late mortality should be tackled for PC. For penile cancer, the relatively high early mortality may suggest delays in diagnosis and would require more public awareness and encouragement of patients to seek medical opinion. In FI, TC and penile cancer patients showed roughly double risk of dying compared to the other Nordic countries, which warrants further study and clinical attention.
生存研究是癌症控制的重要工具，但目前包括前列腺癌、睾丸癌和阴茎癌在内的所有癌症都缺乏基于高质量癌症登记系统的长期生存数据。本研究利用广义可加模型和NORDCAN数据库资料，分析了丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典这四个国家50年间（1971-2020年）上述癌症的1年及5年相对生存率，并额外估算了确诊后存活满1年患者的条件性5/1年生存率。睾丸癌的生存率早期即呈现改善趋势，5年生存率在1985年（瑞典）至2000年（芬兰）期间达到90%。在随访末期，确诊后存活满1年的睾丸癌患者，其后续4年生存概率已接近背景人群水平。前列腺癌的90%生存率里程碑在2000年（芬兰）至2010年后（丹麦）期间达成。阴茎癌的5年生存率始终未突破90%关口，生存改善幅度极为有限。对于睾丸癌，早期死亡率问题值得关注；而前列腺癌则应着力应对远期死亡风险。阴茎癌相对较高的早期死亡率可能提示诊断延误，需要提升公众认知并鼓励患者及时就医。值得注意的是，芬兰的睾丸癌和阴茎癌患者死亡风险约为其他北欧国家的两倍，这一现象值得进一步研究和临床关注。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家