Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs, primarily the lungs and digestive system. Over the years, advancements in medical care and treatments have significantly increased the life expectancy of individuals with CF. However, with this improved longevity, concerns about the potential risk of developing certain types of cancers have arisen. This narrative review aims to explore the relationship between CF, increased life expectancy, and the associated risk for cancers. We discuss the potential mechanisms underlying this risk, including chronic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and genetic factors. Additionally, we review studies that have examined the incidence and types of cancers seen in CF patients, with a focus on gastrointestinal, breast, and respiratory malignancies. We also explore the impact of CFTR modulator therapies on cancer risk. In the gastrointestinal tract, CF patients have an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and possibly esophageal cancer. The underlying mechanisms contributing to these increased risks are not fully understood, but chronic inflammation, altered gut microbiota, and genetic factors are believed to play a role. Regular surveillance and colonoscopies are recommended for early detection and management of colorectal cancer in CF patients. Understanding the factors contributing to cancer development in CF patients is crucial for implementing appropriate surveillance strategies and improving long-term outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved and develop targeted interventions to mitigate cancer risk in individuals with CF.
囊性纤维化（CF）是一种累及多器官的遗传性疾病，主要影响肺部和消化系统。多年来，医疗护理和治疗手段的进步显著提高了CF患者的预期寿命。然而，随着生存期的延长，患者罹患特定类型癌症的潜在风险也引发关注。本文旨在通过叙述性综述探讨CF、预期寿命延长与癌症风险之间的关联。我们讨论了潜在的风险机制，包括慢性炎症、免疫系统失调及遗传因素。此外，我们回顾了针对CF患者癌症发病率及类型的研究，重点关注胃肠道癌、乳腺癌和呼吸道恶性肿瘤，并探讨了CFTR调节剂疗法对癌症风险的影响。在胃肠道方面，CF患者罹患结直肠癌、胰腺癌及食管癌的风险升高。其风险增加的机制尚未完全明确，但慢性炎症、肠道菌群改变和遗传因素被认为具有重要影响。建议对CF患者定期进行结直肠癌筛查和结肠镜检查以实现早诊早治。明确CF患者癌症发生的影响因素对制定有效监测策略、改善长期预后至关重要。未来需进一步研究相关分子机制，并开发针对性干预措施以降低CF患者的癌症风险。
Cystic Fibrosis and Cancer: Unraveling the Complex Role of CFTR Gene in Cancer Susceptibility
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家