Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide and exhibits a universal burden as the incidence of the disease continues to rise. In addition to curative-intent therapies such as liver resection and transplantation, locoregional and systemic therapy options also exist. However, existing treatments carry a dismal prognosis, often plagued with high recurrence and mortality. For this reason, understanding the tumor microenvironment and mutational pathophysiology has become the center of investigation for disease control. The use of precision medicine and genetic analysis can supplement current treatment modalities to promote individualized management of HCC. In the search for personalized medicine, tools such as next-generation sequencing have been used to identify unique tumor mutations and improve targeted therapies. Furthermore, investigations are underway for specific HCC biomarkers to augment the diagnosis of malignancy, the prediction of whether the tumor environment is amenable to available therapies, the surveillance of treatment response, the monitoring for disease recurrence, and even the identification of novel therapeutic opportunities. Understanding the mutational landscape and biomarkers of the disease is imperative for tailored management of the malignancy. In this review, we summarize the molecular targets of HCC and discuss the current role of precision medicine in the treatment of HCC.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球第四大常见恶性肿瘤，其发病率持续上升，已成为全球性的健康负担。除肝切除术和肝移植等根治性治疗外，局部区域治疗和全身性治疗方案同样存在。然而，现有治疗方法预后不佳，常伴随高复发率和高死亡率。因此，理解肿瘤微环境及突变病理生理机制已成为疾病控制研究的核心。精准医学与基因分析的应用能够补充现有治疗模式，推动肝细胞癌的个体化管理。在探索个体化医疗的过程中，新一代测序等技术已被用于识别独特肿瘤突变并改进靶向治疗。此外，针对特异性肝细胞癌生物标志物的研究正在进行中，旨在提升恶性肿瘤诊断能力、预测肿瘤微环境对现有疗法的反应性、监测治疗应答、追踪疾病复发，甚至发现新的治疗机遇。深入理解该疾病的突变特征与生物标志物，对于实现恶性肿瘤的个体化精准管理至关重要。本文综述了肝细胞癌的分子靶点，并探讨了精准医学在肝细胞癌治疗中的当前作用。
Mutational Landscape and Precision Medicine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家