(1) Background: PADI2 is a post-translational modification (PTM) enzyme that catalyzes citrullination, which then triggers autoimmune disease and cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) protein expression in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients. (2) Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, the PADI2 protein expression in BTC tissues was analyzed. The correlations between PADI2 protein expression and clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed using Chi-square tests. The Kaplan–Meier procedure was used for comparing survival distributions. We used Cox proportional hazards regression for univariate and multivariate analyses. From 2014 to 2020, 30 resected BTC patients were enrolled in this study. (3) Results: Patients with high PADI2 protein expression were associated with shorter progress-free survival (PFS;p= 0.041), disease-specific survival (DSS;p= 0.025), and overall survival (OS;p= 0.017) than patients with low PADI2 protein expression. (4) Conclusions: The results indicated that PADI2 protein expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for BTC patients regarding PFS, DSS, and OS.
（1）背景：肽基精氨酸脱亚胺酶2（PADI2）是一种催化瓜氨酸化的翻译后修饰（PTM）酶，可引发自身免疫性疾病和癌症。本研究旨在评估PADI2蛋白表达在胆道癌（BTC）患者中的预后价值。（2）方法：采用免疫组织化学技术分析BTC组织中PADI2蛋白的表达情况。通过卡方检验分析PADI2蛋白表达与临床病理特征的相关性。采用Kaplan-Meier法比较生存分布。使用Cox比例风险回归模型进行单因素和多因素分析。本研究纳入了2014年至2020年间30例接受手术切除的BTC患者。（3）结果：与PADI2蛋白低表达患者相比，PADI2蛋白高表达患者的无进展生存期（PFS；p=0.041）、疾病特异性生存期（DSS；p=0.025）和总生存期（OS；p=0.017）均显著缩短。（4）结论：研究结果表明，PADI2蛋白表达是影响BTC患者PFS、DSS和OS的独立不良预后因素。
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