Melanoma is a type of skin cancer in which there is a strong correlation between its occurrence and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Although it is not the most common skin cancer, it has the highest mortality rate of all skin cancers. The prognosis of patients is significantly worsened by melanoma metastasis to the brain, which often occurs in patients with advanced disease. The formation and development of melanoma metastases to the brain involve a very complex process, and their mechanisms are not fully understood. One of the ways for metastatic melanoma cells to survive and develop cancer in the brain environment is the presence of oncogenic BRAF mutation, which occurs in up to 50% of metastatic melanoma cases. Before discovering new methods of treating metastases, the overall survival of patients with this disease was 6 months. Currently, research is being conducted on new drugs using immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitors: anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4) and targeted therapy (BRAF and MEK inhibitors) to improve the prognosis of patients. In this article, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the results of treating brain metastases with new systemic therapies.
黑色素瘤是一种皮肤癌，其发生与紫外线照射存在显著相关性。尽管并非最常见的皮肤癌类型，但其死亡率居所有皮肤癌之首。当黑色素瘤发生脑转移时，患者预后显著恶化，这种情况常见于晚期患者。黑色素瘤脑转移的形成与发展涉及极其复杂的过程，其机制尚未完全阐明。转移性黑色素瘤细胞在大脑环境中存活并发展成癌的途径之一，是致癌性BRAF基因突变的存在，该突变在转移性黑色素瘤病例中的发生率高达50%。在发现新的转移治疗方法前，此类患者的总体生存期仅为6个月。目前，研究人员正在探索采用免疫疗法（免疫检查点抑制剂：抗PD-1、抗CTLA-4）和靶向治疗（BRAF与MEK抑制剂）的新型药物以改善患者预后。本文旨在系统总结当前关于新型全身疗法治疗脑转移疗效的研究进展。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家