Global trends in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancers (HNC), specifically in the oropharynx subsite, have been dynamically changing, leading to new staging and treatment paradigms. Epidemiologic studies have noted regional variations in HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). While HPV vaccination remains the main preventative approach, vaccination policy in relation to gender neutrality is heterogeneous and particularly sparse in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of global cancer cases and HPV-associated HNC are not well-characterized in certain regions. This review summarizes the existing literature on regional variations of HPV-associated OPSCC and gender-neutral vaccine policies. Based on available data, the incidence of HPV-associated OPSCC is highest in North America, Europe, and Oceania. As of 2022, 122 of 195 (63%) World Health Organization (WHO) member states had incorporated HPV vaccinations nationally; of these, 41 of 122 (34%) member states have introduced gender-neutral vaccine coverage. Future research is needed to describe continued evolving trends in HPV-associated OPSCC, understand underlying risk factors leading to regional variation in disease, and implement gender-neutral policy more broadly.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）相关头颈癌（HNC），特别是口咽亚部位的全球趋势正在发生动态变化，这催生了新的分期与治疗模式。流行病学研究已注意到HPV相关口咽鳞状细胞癌（OPSCC）存在地区性差异。虽然HPV疫苗接种仍是主要的预防手段，但性别中立的疫苗接种政策在全球范围内并不统一，在中低收入国家尤为欠缺，而这些地区的全球癌症病例负担及HPV相关头颈癌的流行特征在某些区域尚未明确。本文综述了当前关于HPV相关口咽鳞状细胞癌地区差异及性别中立疫苗政策的文献。现有数据显示，HPV相关口咽鳞状细胞癌的发病率在北美、欧洲和大洋洲最高。截至2022年，世界卫生组织（WHO）195个成员国中有122个（63%）已在全国范围内推行HPV疫苗接种；其中，122个国家中有41个（34%）实施了性别中立的疫苗覆盖政策。未来研究需进一步描述HPV相关口咽鳞状细胞癌的持续演变趋势，探究导致疾病地区差异的潜在风险因素，并更广泛地推行性别中立的疫苗接种政策。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家