Bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with a high risk of mortality. Changes in the expression pattern of miRNAs seem to be related to early aspects of prostate cancer, as well as its establishment and proliferation, including the necessary steps for metastasis. Here we compiled, for the first time, the important roles of miRNAs in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of bone metastasis, focusing on recent in vivo and in vitro studies. PCa exosomes are proven to promote metastasis-related events, such as osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and proliferation. Aberrant miRNA expression in PCa may induce abnormal bone remodeling and support tumor development. Furthermore, miRNAs are capable of binding to multiple mRNA targets, a dynamic property that can be harnessed for the development of treatment tools, such as antagomiRs and miRNA mimics, which have emerged as promising candidates in PCa treatment. Finally, miRNAs may serve as noninvasive biomarkers, as they can be detected in tissue and bodily fluids, are highly stable, and show differential expression between nonmetastatic PCa and bone metastatic samples. Taken together, the findings underscore the importance of miRNA expression profiles and miRNA-based tools as rational technologies to increase the quality of life and longevity of patients.
骨转移性前列腺癌（PCa）与高死亡率风险相关。miRNAs表达模式的改变似乎与前列腺癌的早期阶段、其形成和增殖有关，包括转移的必要步骤。在此，我们首次系统综述了miRNAs在骨转移的发展、诊断和治疗中的重要作用，重点关注近期的体内和体外研究。前列腺癌外泌体已被证实能促进转移相关事件，如成骨细胞和破骨细胞的分化与增殖。前列腺癌中异常的miRNA表达可能诱发异常骨重塑并支持肿瘤发展。此外，miRNAs能够结合多个mRNA靶点，这一动态特性可用于开发治疗工具，如antagomiRs和miRNA模拟物，它们已成为前列腺癌治疗中颇具前景的候选策略。最后，miRNAs可作为无创生物标志物，因为它们可在组织和体液中检测到、高度稳定，并在非转移性前列腺癌与骨转移样本中呈现差异表达。总之，这些发现强调了miRNA表达谱和基于miRNA的工具作为合理技术的重要性，有助于提升患者的生活质量与寿命。
The Bone Microenvironment Soil in Prostate Cancer Metastasis: An miRNA Approach
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家