Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provoked a global pandemic identified as coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with millions of deaths worldwide. However, several important questions regarding its impact on public health remain unanswered, such as the impact of vaccination on vulnerable subpopulations such as cancer patients. Cytokine storm and a sustained inflammatory state are commonly associated with immune cell depletion, being manifested in most immunocompromised individuals. This strong immunosuppression can lead to a dysfunctional antiviral response to natural viral infection and compromised vaccination response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles released from cells that are involved in intercellular communication. EVs carry various molecules including microRNAs that play a crucial role in COVID-19 pathophysiology, influencing cellular responses. This review summarizes the state of the art concerning the role of EV-derived miRNAs in COVID-19 infection and their potential use as prognosis biomarkers for vaccination response in cancer patients.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）引发了一场全球大流行，即冠状病毒病（COVID-19），导致全球数百万人死亡。然而，其对公共卫生影响的若干关键问题尚未得到解答，例如疫苗接种对癌症患者等脆弱亚人群的影响。细胞因子风暴和持续的炎症状态通常与免疫细胞耗竭相关，这在大多数免疫缺陷个体中尤为明显。这种强烈的免疫抑制可能导致对自然病毒感染的功能性抗病毒反应失常，并使疫苗接种反应受损。细胞外囊泡是由细胞释放的膜结合囊泡，参与细胞间通讯。这些囊泡携带包括微小RNA在内的多种分子，在COVID-19的病理生理过程中发挥关键作用，影响细胞反应。本文综述了细胞外囊泡来源的微小RNA在COVID-19感染中的作用及其作为癌症患者疫苗接种反应预后生物标志物的潜在应用的最新研究进展。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家