Radiation therapy (RT) remains an integral component of modern oncology care, with most cancer patients receiving radiation as a part of their treatment plan. The main goal of ionizing RT is to control the local tumor burden by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis within the tumor cells. The advancement in RT, including intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), stereotactic body RT (SBRT), image-guided RT, and proton therapy, have increased the efficacy of RT, equipping clinicians with techniques to ensure precise and safe administration of radiation doses to tumor cells. In this review, we present the technological advancement in various types of RT methods and highlight their clinical utility and associated limitations. This review provides insights into how RT modulates innate immune signaling and the key players involved in modulating innate immune responses, which have not been well documented earlier. Apoptosis of cancer cells following RT triggers immune systems that contribute to the eradication of tumors through innate and adoptive immunity. The innate immune system consists of various cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, which serve as key mediators of innate immunity in response to RT. This review will concentrate on the significance of the innate myeloid and lymphoid lineages in anti-tumorigenic processes triggered by RT. Furthermore, we will explore essential strategies to enhance RT efficacy. This review can serve as a platform for researchers to comprehend the clinical application and limitations of various RT methods and provides insights into how RT modulates innate immune signaling.
放射治疗（RT）仍是现代肿瘤治疗的重要组成部分，大多数癌症患者会接受放疗作为治疗方案的一部分。电离放疗的主要目标是通过诱导肿瘤细胞DNA损伤和细胞凋亡来控制局部肿瘤负荷。放疗技术的进步，包括调强放疗（IMRT）、立体定向体部放疗（SBRT）、图像引导放疗和质子治疗，提升了放疗的疗效，为临床医生提供了确保精准、安全地向肿瘤细胞施加辐射剂量的技术。本综述介绍了各类放疗方法的技术进展，重点阐述其临床应用及相关局限性。文章深入探讨了放疗如何调控先天免疫信号通路，以及参与调控先天免疫应答的关键因子——这些内容此前尚未得到充分阐述。放疗后癌细胞的凋亡会激活免疫系统，通过先天免疫和适应性免疫促进肿瘤清除。先天免疫系统包含多种细胞类型，如巨噬细胞、树突状细胞和自然杀伤细胞，它们是响应放疗的先天免疫关键介质。本综述将重点关注先天髓系和淋巴系细胞在放疗引发的抗肿瘤过程中的重要作用。此外，我们将探讨提升放疗疗效的关键策略。本综述可为研究人员理解各类放疗方法的临床应用与局限提供平台，并深入解析放疗如何调控先天免疫信号通路。
Innate Immune System in the Context of Radiation Therapy for Cancer
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家