Personalized or precision medicine is an emerging treatment approach tailored to individuals or certain groups of patients based on their unique characteristics. These types of therapies guided by biomarkers tend to be more effective than traditional approaches, especially in cancer. The inhibitor against poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), olaparib (Lynparza, AstraZeneca), which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2014, demonstrated efficacy specifically for ovarian cancer patients harboring mutations in BRCA genes, which encode proteins in DNA double-strand break repairs. However, the response to PARP inhibitors has been less encouraging in other cancer types that also carry defects in the BRCA genes. Thus, furthering our understanding of the underlying mechanism of PARP inhibitors and resistance is critical to improve their efficacy. In this review, we summarize the results of preclinical studies and the clinical application of PARP inhibitors, and discuss the future direction of PARP inhibitors as a potential marker-guided personalized medicine for cancer treatment.
个性化或精准医疗是一种基于个体独特特征、为特定患者群体量身定制的新兴治疗方法。这类以生物标志物为导向的疗法通常比传统方法更有效，在癌症治疗中尤为显著。聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶抑制剂奥拉帕利于2014年经美国食品药品监督管理局批准上市，该药对携带BRCA基因突变的卵巢癌患者具有显著疗效——该基因编码的蛋白质参与DNA双链断裂修复过程。然而，PARP抑制剂在其他同样存在BRCA基因缺陷的癌症类型中疗效欠佳。因此，深入理解PARP抑制剂的作用机制及耐药原理对于提升其疗效至关重要。本文综述了PARP抑制剂的临床前研究结果与临床应用现状，并探讨其作为生物标志物导向的个性化癌症治疗方案的未来发展方向。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家