China is geographically the third largest country in the world and the most populated low-to-middle-income country. Cancer incidence and mortality rates for some cancers in the USA and European countries have steadily decreased over the last decades, whereas the incidence and mortality of certain cancers in China have been increasing at an alarming speed. Rapid industrialization and urbanization in China have been accompanied by incredible changes in lifestyle and environment combined with an aging population. Mortality caused by lung, colorectal and breast cancers has been steadily increasing, whereas cancer mortality from gastric, esophageal and cervical tumors has tended to decrease. Similar to what has occurred in the United States, unhealthy lifestyles in China, including heavy smoking and poor diet combined with pollution, have contributed to increased cancer risk. China is facing many challenges in cancer treatment and prevention for the general population. The major areas that need to be addressed in the control of cancer in China include cancers associated with environmental pollution, tobacco use, occupational carcinogens, infection, excessive alcohol consumption, dietary deficiencies and obesity. In this perspective, we review the problems in each area and suggest ideas for future directions in cancer research and strategies and actions to reduce the incidence of cancer in China.
中国是世界上地理面积第三大的国家，也是人口最多的中低收入国家。过去几十年来，美国和部分欧洲国家的某些癌症发病率和死亡率持续下降，而中国特定癌症的发病率与死亡率却以惊人速度增长。中国的快速工业化与城市化进程伴随着生活方式和环境的巨大变化，同时人口老龄化问题日益凸显。肺癌、结直肠癌和乳腺癌导致的死亡率持续上升，而胃癌、食管癌和宫颈癌的死亡率呈下降趋势。与美国情况类似，中国不健康的生活方式——包括重度吸烟、不良饮食习惯以及环境污染——共同加剧了癌症风险。中国在全民癌症防治方面面临诸多挑战，当前防控重点应聚焦于下列领域：与环境污染相关的癌症、烟草相关癌症、职业性致癌物引发的癌症、感染相关性癌症，以及由过量饮酒、膳食结构缺陷和肥胖问题导致的癌症。基于此视角，本文系统梳理各领域现存问题，并为中国未来的癌症研究方向提出思路，同时就降低癌症发病率的战略措施提出建议。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家