文章：

衰老，免疫健康和癌症

Ageing, immune fitness and cancer

原文发布日期：2025-08-14

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-025-00858-z

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

The immune system undergoes substantial changes throughout life, with ageing broadly impacting immune cell composition, function and regenerative capacity. Emerging evidence suggests that age-associated changes in immune fitness — the ability to respond to and eliminate infection, pathogens and malignancy while maintaining self-tolerance — reshape antitumour immunity and influence the efficacy of immunotherapies. Technological advances in high-dimensional immunoprofiling have begun to reveal the complex interplay between ageing, immune fitness and cancer biology, uncovering new therapeutic vulnerabilities and challenges. In this Review, we discuss recent insights derived from age-resolved immunoprofiling of the human tumour microenvironment, how ageing haematopoiesis affects immune cells that contribute to the microenvironment and impact cancer progression, and what is known from preclinical modelling about the functional consequences of immune ageing on tumour control. We further highlight emerging age-stratified analyses of treatment responses, which are beginning to inform hypotheses about how ageing shapes immunotherapy outcomes. Together, these perspectives provide a framework for integrating age as a critical biological variable, underscore the need to consider age in both preclinical models and clinical trial design, and identify key challenges and priorities for the field moving forward.

摘要翻译： 

免疫系统在整个生命周期中经历实质性变化，衰老广泛影响免疫细胞组成、功能和再生能力。新证据表明，与年龄相关的免疫适应性变化——即维持自我耐受的同时响应并清除感染、病原体及恶性肿瘤的能力——重塑了抗肿瘤免疫并影响免疫疗法疗效。高维免疫分析技术的进步开始揭示衰老、免疫适应性与癌症生物学之间的复杂相互作用，揭示了新的治疗脆弱性及挑战。本文综述讨论了来自人类肿瘤微环境年龄解析免疫分析的新见解，衰老造血如何影响参与微环境并作用于癌症进展的免疫细胞，以及临床前模型对免疫衰老影响肿瘤控制的功能性认知。我们进一步聚焦新兴的年龄分层治疗反应分析，这些分析正为理解衰老如何影响免疫治疗结果提供理论假设。这些视角共同构建了将年龄作为关键生物学变量的整合框架，强调在临床前模型和临床试验设计中考虑年龄因素的必要性，并指明了该领域未来发展的关键挑战与优先方向。

原文链接：

Ageing, immune fitness and cancer