文章：

治疗性癌症疫苗的最新进展

Recent advances in therapeutic cancer vaccines

原文发布日期：2025-05-16

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-025-00820-z

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

The success of cancer prevention vaccines targeting cancer-causing viruses has drastically reduced cancer mortality worldwide. However, the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines, which aim to elicit an immune response directly against cancer cells, has faced notable clinical setbacks. In this Review, we explore lessons learned from past cancer vaccine trials and how the field has progressed into an era of renewed promise. Previous vaccines primarily targeted tumour-associated antigens and were mainly tested as monotherapies in late-stage cancers. In contrast, contemporary vaccines focus on targeting tumour-specific antigens (neoantigens) and are showing initial evidence of clinical efficacy, particularly in early-stage cancers and precancers when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Advances in tumour profiling and novel vaccine platforms have enhanced vaccine specificity and potency. We discuss recent clinical trials of therapeutic cancer vaccines and outline future directions for the field.

摘要翻译： 

针对致癌病毒的癌症预防性疫苗的成功已大幅降低全球癌症死亡率。然而，旨在直接引发免疫系统攻击癌细胞的治疗性癌症疫苗的研发却遭遇了显著的临床挫折。本篇综述中，我们探讨了从既往癌症疫苗试验中获得的经验教训，以及该领域如何进入一个重焕希望的新时代。早期疫苗主要靶向肿瘤相关抗原，并多在晚期癌症中作为单一疗法进行测试。相比之下，现代疫苗侧重于靶向肿瘤特异性抗原（新抗原），并在早期癌症和癌前病变阶段与免疫检查点抑制剂联用时，初步展现出临床疗效。肿瘤谱分析技术和新型疫苗平台的进步提升了疫苗的特异性和效力。我们讨论了近期治疗性癌症疫苗的临床试验，并展望了该领域的未来发展方向。

原文链接：

Recent advances in therapeutic cancer vaccines