文章：

转移RNA作为癌症进展的动态和关键调节因子

Transfer RNAs as dynamic and critical regulators of cancer progression

原文发布日期：2023-10-09

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00611-4

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have been historically viewed as non-dynamic adaptors that decode the genetic code into proteins. Recent work has uncovered dynamic regulatory roles for these fascinating molecules. Advances in tRNA detection methods have revealed that specific tRNAs can become modulated upon DNA copy number and chromatin alterations and can also be perturbed by oncogenic signalling and transcriptional regulators in cancer cells or the tumour microenvironment. Such alterations in the levels of specific tRNAs have been shown to causally impact cancer progression, including metastasis. Moreover, sequencing methods have identified tRNA-derived small RNAs that influence various aspects of cancer progression, such as cell proliferation and invasion, and could serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or putative therapeutic targets in various cancers. Finally, there is accumulating evidence, including from genetic models, that specific tRNA synthetases — the enzymes responsible for charging tRNAs with amino acids — can either promote or suppress tumour formation. In this Review, we provide an overview of how deregulation of tRNAs influences cancer formation and progression.

摘要翻译： 

转运核糖核酸（tRNA）历来被视为将遗传密码解码为蛋白质的静态适配器。最新研究发现这些功能丰富的分子具有动态调节作用。tRNA检测技术的进展表明，特定tRNA会随着DNA拷贝数和染色质改变而发生调节，并可能受癌细胞或肿瘤微环境中致癌信号及转录调节因子的影响。已证实特定tRNA水平的改变会直接影响癌症进展（包括转移过程）。此外，测序技术已鉴定出可影响细胞增殖、侵袭等癌症进展多方面的tRNA来源小RNA，这些小RNA有望作为多种癌症的诊断标志物、预后指标或潜在治疗靶点。最终，越来越多的证据（包括遗传模型研究）表明，负责tRNA氨基酸负载的特定tRNA合成酶具有促进或抑制肿瘤形成的双重作用。本综述将系统阐述tRNA失调影响癌症发生与进展的机制。

原文链接：

Transfer RNAs as dynamic and critical regulators of cancer progression