文章：

癌症自己创造运气：癌症起源理论

Cancers make their own luck: theories of cancer origins

原文发布日期：2023-07-24

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00602-5

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

Cancer has been a leading cause of death for decades. This dismal statistic has increased efforts to prevent the disease or to detect it early, when treatment is less invasive, relatively inexpensive and more likely to cure. But precisely how tissues are transformed continues to provoke controversy and debate, hindering cancer prevention and early intervention strategies. Various theories of cancer origins have emerged, including the suggestion that it is ‘bad luck’: the inevitable consequence of random mutations in proliferating stem cells. In this Review, we discuss the principal theories of cancer origins and the relative importance of the factors that underpin them. The body of available evidence suggests that developing and ageing tissues ‘walk a tightrope’, retaining adequate levels of cell plasticity to generate and maintain tissues while avoiding overstepping into transformation. Rather than viewing cancer as ‘bad luck’, understanding the complex choreography of cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors that characterize transformation holds promise to discover effective new ways to prevent, detect and stop cancer before it becomes incurable.

摘要翻译： 

数十年来，癌症一直是主要死因之一。这一严峻数据促使人们加大预防力度，或力争在疾病早期、治疗创伤较小、费用相对较低且更可能治愈的阶段发现它。然而，组织究竟如何发生癌变仍争议不断，阻碍了预防与早期干预策略的制定。关于癌症起源，学界提出多种理论，其中包括“坏运气”假说：认为癌症是增殖干细胞中随机突变不可避免的产物。本文综述主要癌症起源理论及其核心因素的相对重要性。现有证据表明，发育与衰老组织如同“走钢丝”，既要保持足够的细胞可塑性以生成和维持组织，又要避免越界转化为肿瘤。与其将癌症视为“坏运气”，不如深入理解细胞内在与外在因素在转化过程中复杂的协同作用，这有望为发现有效预防、检测并在癌症步入不可治愈阶段前阻断其进展的新方法带来希望。

原文链接：

Cancers make their own luck: theories of cancer origins