文章：

细菌在癌症发生、促进和发展中的作用

Bacteria in cancer initiation, promotion and progression

原文发布日期：2023-07-03

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00594-2

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

Cancer cells originate from a series of acquired genetic mutations that can drive their uncontrolled cell proliferation and immune evasion. Environmental factors, including the microorganisms that colonize the human body, can shift the metabolism, growth pattern and function of neoplastic cells and shape the tumour microenvironment. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer by the scientific community. However, only a few microorganisms have been identified that directly initiate tumorigenesis or skew the immune system to generate a tumour-permissive milieu. Over the past two decades, research on the human microbiome and its functionalities within and across individuals has revealed microbiota-focused strategies for health and disease. Here, we review the evolving understanding of the mechanisms by which the microbiota acts in cancer initiation, promotion and progression. We explore the roles of bacteria in gastrointestinal tract malignancies and cancers of the lung, breast and prostate. Finally, we discuss the promises and limitations of targeting or harnessing bacteria in personalized cancer prevention, diagnostics and treatment.

摘要翻译： 

癌细胞源于一系列获得性基因突变，这些突变可驱动其不受控制的细胞增殖和免疫逃逸。环境因素（包括定植于人体的微生物）能够改变肿瘤细胞的代谢、生长模式和功能，并塑造肿瘤微环境。肠道菌群失调已被科学界认定为癌症的一个标志。然而，目前仅发现少数微生物可直接启动肿瘤发生或扭曲免疫系统以形成肿瘤许可环境。过去二十年间，关于人体微生物组及其在个体内部和个体间功能的研究，揭示了以微生物群为中心的健康与疾病策略。本文综述了关于微生物群在癌症起始、促进和进展中作用机制的认知演进，探讨细菌在胃肠道恶性肿瘤及肺、乳腺、前列腺癌症中的作用，最后讨论了在个性化癌症预防、诊断和治疗中靶向或利用细菌的潜力与局限。

原文链接：

Bacteria in cancer initiation, promotion and progression