文章：

发展饮食干预作为癌症的治疗方法

Developing dietary interventions as therapy for cancer

原文发布日期：2022-05-25

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00485-y

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

Cancer cells acquire distinct metabolic preferences based on their tissue of origin, genetic alterations and degree of interaction with systemic hormones and metabolites. These adaptations support the increased nutrient demand required for increased growth and proliferation. Diet is the major source of nutrients for tumours, yet dietary interventions lack robust evidence and are rarely prescribed by clinicians for the treatment of cancer. Well-controlled diet studies in patients with cancer are rare, and existing studies have been limited by nonspecific enrolment criteria that inappropriately grouped together subjects with disparate tumour and host metabolic profiles. This imprecision may have masked the efficacy of the intervention for appropriate candidates. Here, we review the metabolic alterations and key vulnerabilities that occur across multiple types of cancer. We describe how these vulnerabilities could potentially be targeted using dietary therapies including energy or macronutrient restriction and intermittent fasting regimens. We also discuss recent trials that highlight how dietary strategies may be combined with pharmacological therapies to treat some cancers, potentially ushering a path towards precision nutrition for cancer.

摘要翻译： 

癌细胞根据其组织来源、遗传改变以及与系统性激素和代谢物相互作用程度的不同，会形成独特的代谢偏好。这些适应性变化支撑了癌细胞因生长增殖加速而增加的营养需求。饮食是肿瘤营养的主要来源，然而饮食干预缺乏可靠证据，临床上很少将其用于癌症治疗。针对癌症患者的严格饮食控制研究极为有限，且现有研究受限于非特异性入组标准，不恰当地将具有不同肿瘤和宿主代谢特征的研究对象混为一谈。这种不精确性可能掩盖了饮食干预对适用人群的疗效。本文综述了多种癌症中发生的代谢改变与关键脆弱点，探讨如何通过能量或宏量营养素限制、间歇性禁食等饮食疗法靶向这些脆弱点。我们还讨论了近期临床试验，这些研究揭示了饮食策略与药物治疗相结合治疗某些癌症的潜力，或将为癌症精准营养治疗开辟道路。

原文链接：

Developing dietary interventions as therapy for cancer