文章：

免疫激活和调节机制：来自黑色素瘤的教训

Mechanisms of immune activation and regulation: lessons from melanoma

原文发布日期：2022-02-01

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00442-9

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

Melanoma, a skin cancer that develops from pigment cells, has been studied intensively, particularly in terms of the immune response to tumours, and has been used as a model for the development of immunotherapy. This is due, in part, to the high mutational burden observed in melanomas, which increases both their immunogenicity and the infiltration of immune cells into the tumours, compared with other types of cancers. The immune response to melanomas involves a complex set of components and interactions. As the tumour evolves, it accumulates an increasing number of genetic and epigenetic alterations, some of which contribute to the immunogenicity of the tumour cells and the infiltration of immune cells. However, tumour evolution also enables the development of resistance mechanisms, which, in turn, lead to tumour immune escape. Understanding the interactions between melanoma tumour cells and the immune system, and the evolving changes within the melanoma tumour cells, the immune system and the microenvironment, is essential for the development of new cancer therapies. However, current research suggests that other extrinsic factors, such as the microbiome, may play a role in the immune response to melanomas. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the immune response in the tumour and discuss recent advances as well as strategies for treatment development.

摘要翻译： 

黑色素瘤是一种由色素细胞发展而成的皮肤癌，已被深入研究，尤其是在针对肿瘤的免疫反应方面，并作为免疫疗法开发的模型。部分原因在于，与其他类型癌症相比，黑色素瘤具有较高的突变负荷，这既增强了其免疫原性，也促进了免疫细胞向肿瘤内部的浸润。对黑色素瘤的免疫反应涉及一系列复杂的组分和相互作用。随着肿瘤的进化，它会积累越来越多的遗传和表观遗传改变，其中一些改变有助于肿瘤细胞的免疫原性和免疫细胞的浸润。然而，肿瘤的进化也促使耐药机制的发展，进而导致肿瘤的免疫逃逸。理解黑色素瘤肿瘤细胞与免疫系统之间的相互作用，以及黑色素瘤肿瘤细胞、免疫系统和微环境内部的不断变化，对于开发新的癌症疗法至关重要。然而，当前研究表明，其他外部因素，如微生物组，可能在黑色素瘤的免疫反应中发挥作用。在此，我们综述了肿瘤中免疫反应的潜在机制，并讨论了最新进展以及治疗开发的策略。

原文链接：

Mechanisms of immune activation and regulation: lessons from melanoma