文章：

无烟烟草和吸烟：化学机制和癌症预防

Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention

原文发布日期：2022-01-03

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00423-4

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

Tobacco products present a deadly combination of nicotine addiction and carcinogen exposure resulting in millions of cancer deaths per year worldwide. A plethora of smokeless tobacco products lead to unacceptable exposure to multiple carcinogens, including the tobacco-specific nitrosamine N′-nitrosonornicotine, a likely cause of the commonly occurring oral cavity cancers observed particularly in South-East Asian countries. Cigarettes continue to deliver a large number of carcinogens, including tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. The multiple carcinogens in cigarette smoke are responsible for the complex mutations observed in critical cancer genes. The exposure of smokeless tobacco users and smokers to carcinogens and toxicants can now be monitored by urinary and DNA adduct biomarkers that may be able to identify those individuals at highest risk of cancer so that effective cancer prevention interventions can be initiated. Regulation of the levels of carcinogens, toxicants and nicotine in tobacco products and evidence-based tobacco control efforts are now recognized as established pathways to preventing tobacco related cancer.

摘要翻译： 

烟草制品呈现出尼古丁成瘾与致癌物暴露的致命组合，导致全球每年数百万人因癌症死亡。大量无烟烟草制品导致使用者不可接受地暴露于多种致癌物，包括烟草特异性亚硝胺N′-亚硝基去甲烟碱，这很可能是东南亚国家常见口腔癌发生的主要原因。香烟继续释放大量致癌物，包括烟草特异性亚硝胺、多环芳烃和挥发性有机化合物。香烟烟雾中多种致癌物质导致关键癌症基因出现复杂突变。目前可通过尿液和DNA加合物生物标志物监测无烟烟草使用者和吸烟者的致癌物及毒物暴露水平，这些生物标志物或能识别癌症风险最高的个体，从而启动有效的癌症预防干预措施。调控烟草产品中致癌物、毒物及尼古丁的含量，结合基于证据的烟草控制工作，现已被确认为预防烟草相关癌症的有效途径。

原文链接：

Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention