文章：

细胞外小泡在癌症中不断发展的翻译潜力

The evolving translational potential of small extracellular vesicles in cancer

原文发布日期：2020-09-21

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00299-w

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are regarded as having promising potential to be used as therapeutics and disease biomarkers. Mechanistically, EVs have been shown to function in most, if not all, steps of cancer progression. Cancer EVs, including small EVs (sEVs), contain unique biomolecular cargo, consisting of protein, nucleic acid and lipids. Through progress in the identification of this specific cargo, cancer biomarkers have been identified and developed, opening up novel and interesting opportunities for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Intriguingly, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the cancer-specific pathways that govern EV biogenesis in cancer cells. Filling this knowledge gap will rapidly improve cancer EV biomarkers, as it will also allow discrimination of the procancer and anticancer actions of those EVs. Even more promising is uncovering therapeutically targetable, tumour-specific EV pathways and content, which will generate novel classes of cancer therapies. This Review highlights the progress the cancer sEV field has made in the areas of biomarker discovery and validation as well as sEV-based therapeutics, highlights the challenges we are facing and identifies gaps in our knowledge, which currently prevent us from developing the full potential of sEVs in cancer diagnostic and therapy.

摘要翻译： 

癌症来源的细胞外囊泡被认为具有作为治疗手段和疾病生物标志物的巨大潜力。从机制上讲，细胞外囊泡已被证明在癌症进展的大多数（即使不是全部）阶段发挥作用。包括小细胞外囊泡在内的癌症囊泡含有独特的生物分子载荷，包括蛋白质、核酸和脂质。通过对这些特定载荷的鉴定研究，癌症生物标志物得以发现和开发，为癌症诊断和预后开辟了新颖而重要的机遇。但值得注意的是，我们仍然缺乏对癌细胞中调控囊泡生物发生的癌症特异性通路的全面理解。填补这一知识空白将迅速改进癌症囊泡生物标志物，同时也有助于区分这些囊泡的促癌和抗癌作用。更值得期待的是，发现可靶向治疗的肿瘤特异性囊泡通路及内容物，这将催生新型癌症疗法。本综述重点阐述了癌症小细胞外囊泡领域在生物标志物发现与验证以及基于小细胞外囊泡的治疗方面取得的进展，指出了我们当前面临的挑战，并明确了知识体系中存在的空白——这些空白目前阻碍着我们充分发掘小细胞外囊泡在癌症诊断与治疗中的潜力。

原文链接：

The evolving translational potential of small extracellular vesicles in cancer